Dayananda Sagar Academy of Technology and Management
(An autonomous institute under VTU)
Digital Logic and Computer Organization (DLCO)
TITLE: Traffic Light Controller using Logic gates
Submitted by: Pooja Sunilkumar Kataraki(1DT23AI043)
Shivani Manjunath Gouda(1DT23AI052)
Harika Gonuguntla (1DT23AI019)
INTRODUCTION
What is a traffic light controller using logic gates?
A traffic light controller using logic gates is an electronic
system that manages traffic signals (red, yellow, green) at
intersections. It uses logic gates (AND, OR, NOT) to process
input signals (like timers or sensors) and decide which light
should turn on. The system ensures smooth traffic flow by
following predefined rules, such as switching between lights
at set intervals, ensuring safety and efficient traffic
management.
Control Signal
Control signals in a traffic light controller determine which light (red, yellow, or
green) is active. These signals are generated using logic gates based on input
conditions like timers or sensors. They ensure proper sequencing and prevent
conflicts, enabling safe and orderly traffic flow.
Red: Stop - Vehicles must halt to ensure safety and avoid collisions.
Yellow: Prepare - Indicates the transition, signalling drivers to prepare to stop
or proceed cautiously.
Green: Go - Allows vehicles to move forward or turn, ensuring smooth traffic
flow.
Description
A traffic light controller using logic gates is a simple electronic project designed to manage the traffic signals (red, yellow, green)
at intersections. It operates on basic logic gate principles to create a sequential light system, ensuring smooth and safe traffic flow
Apparatus Used
Logic gates (AND, OR, NOT)
LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green)
Resistors (to limit current to LEDs)
555 Timer IC (for clock pulses)
Breadboard (for connections)
Connecting wires
Power supply (e.g., 5V battery)
Working
A 555 Timer generates clock pulses that act as inputs to the logic gates.
The logic gates (AND, OR, NOT) process these pulses to activate specific LEDs based on the logic design.
The LEDs turn on in a specific sequence: Red → Yellow → Green.
4. Each light remains active for a specific duration, ensuring proper signal timing
Pin Description (555 Timer)
Pin 1: GND - Connects to ground.
Pin 2: Trigger - Activates the timer when voltage falls below 1/3 VCC.
Pin 3: Output - Provides clock pulses for the logic gates.
Pin 4: Reset - Resets the timer (connected to VCC to avoid accidental reset).
Pin 5: Control - Adjusts the threshold voltage (optional).
Pin 6: Threshold - Monitors voltage to end the timing interval.
Pin 7: Discharge - Connected to a resistor-capacitor network.
8. Pin 8: VCC - Connects to the power supply
Circuit Diagram
A simple diagram can include:
A 555 Timer generating pulses.
Logic gates controlling the LEDs.
LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green) connected to
outputs of logic gates.
Resistors to limit current to LEDs.
Truth Table
Clock Red Yellow Green
Pulse Light Light Light
0 ON OFF OFF
1 OFF ON OFF
2 OFF OFF ON
Future Scope
Integration with smart traffic systems using sensors and IoT to adapt signals based on real-time traffic
conditions.
Addition of pedestrian crossing signals for enhanced safety.
Use of solar-powered systems to make traffic lights more energy-efficient.
Expansion for multi-road intersections with advanced signal management.
Limitations
Fixed timing may not adapt to varying traffic conditions, causing delays.
Requires a stable power supply for uninterrupted operation.
Limited to basic intersections and may not handle complex traffic patterns.
Manual redesign needed for any configuration changes.
Conclusion
A traffic light controller using logic gates is a foundational project
that highlights the importance of logic design in practical
applications. It is an excellent way to learn about logic gates,
sequential systems, and timing mechanisms. While the project
focuses on basic intersection management, it lays the groundwork for
understanding more advanced traffic control systems. Enhancements
such as sensor integration and real-time adaptability can further
expand its capabilities. This project not only demonstrates the
theoretical concepts but also provides a hands-on experience,
encouraging innovation and creativity. By addressing limitations, it
can evolve into a robust solution for modern traffic challenges.
