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18 views16 pages

Hadi Pres, 21-12-24-1

Uploaded by

Raphinho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NLP Presentation

• Prepared by
• Shuceyb sh. Yusuf Hassan
• Jamal Abdulahi Raage
Natural Language Processing (
NLP) in AI

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field or


branch of computer science and artificial intelligence
(AI) that focuses on the interaction between
computers and human language. It enables machines
to understand, interpret, and generate human
language .
Natural Language Processing
techniques
In most cases, the language we are aiming to process
must be first transformed into a structure that the
computer is able to read. In order to clean up a
dataset and make it easier to interpret, syntactic
analysis and semantic analysis are used to achieve the
purpose of NLP.
1. Part-of-Speech Tagging

• Using morphology - defining functions of individual


words, NLP tags each individual word in a body of text
as a noun, adjective, pronoun, and so forth. What makes
this tagging difficult is that words can have different
functions depending on the context they are used in. For
example, "bark" can mean tree bark or a dog barking;
words such as these make classification difficult.
Tagging breaks up the words by
the function they have in a
sentence
2. Stop Word Removal

• This is used to remove common articles such as "a,


the, to, etc."; these filler words do not add significant
meaning to the text. NLP becomes easier through
stop words removal by removing frequent words that
add little or no information to the text.
3. Lemmatization

• Lemmatization is another useful technique that groups


words with different forms of the same word after reducing
them to their root form.
What this essentially can do is change words of the past
tense into the present tense ("thought" changed to "think")
and unify synonyms ("huge" changed to "big"). This
standardization process considers context to distinguish
between identical words
4. Stemming

• Stemming is quite similar to lemmatization, but it primarily


slices the beginning or end of words to remove affixes. The
main issue with stemming is that prefixes and affixes can
create intentional or derivational affixes.
Although stemming has its drawbacks, it is still very useful
to correct spelling errors after tokenization. Stemming
algorithms are very fast and simple to implement, making
them very efficient for NLP.
5. Semantics

To carry out NLP tasks, we need to be able to understand the


accurate meaning of a text. Semantics refers to the intended
meaning of a text. This is an aspect that is still a complicated
field and requires immense work by linguists and computer
scientists.
With words that have multiple meanings, semantics becomes
increasingly difficult. For example:
"Alice was down in the dumps last time I saw her."
"Brent dumps the garbage every night after dinner."
In this scenario, the word "dumps" has a different meaning in
both sentences; while this may be easy for us to understand
straight away, it is not that easy for a computer.
How Does NLP work ?

1. Text Input - NLP systems begin with text input, which can
come from various sources like documents, social media, or
spoken language converted to text.
2. Text Preprocessing -
• Tokenization: Breaking the text into smaller units, such as
words or sentences. -
• Normalization: Converting text to a standard format,
including lowercasing, removing punctuation, and correcting
spelling. -
• Stopword Removal: Eliminating common words (e.g., "and",
"the") that may not add significant meaning.
Continue….
3. Linguistic Analysis -
• Part-of-Speech Tagging: Identifying the grammatical
categories (nouns, verbs, adjectives) of words.
• Named Entity Recognition (NER): Identifying and
classifying key entities in the text, such as names,
dates, and locations.
• Dependency Parsing: Analyzing the grammatical
structure to understand how words relate to each
other.
Continue….

5. Model Training - Using machine learning or deep learning techniques to


train models on labeled data. Supervised learning is common for tasks like
sentiment analysis or classification, while unsupervised learning can be used
for clustering and topic modeling.
6. Inference/Prediction - After training, the model can be used to make
predictions on new, unseen text data. This could involve classifying text,
generating responses, or extracting information.
7. Post-Processing - Refining model outputs to improve readability or
usability, such as rephrasing generated text or resolving ambiguities.
8. Evaluation and Feedback -
Some Examples Of NLP in action:

• Natural language processing has been utilized in


various applications and fields, providing many
different solutions to real-world problems. A few of
the most common examples of NLP being used today
include
• Online searches:
• Machine Translation:
• Named entity recognition:
• Voice assistants:
• Chatbots:
• Email filters:
Some of the key benefits of NLP

• Natural Language Processing (NLP) offers numerous


benefits across various domains, enabling machines
to understand, interpret, and generate human
language. Here are some key benefits of NLP:
• Improved Communication: NLP facilitates better
interaction between humans and machines
• Healthcare Applications: In healthcare settings,
NLP can assist in processing patient records
efficiently by extracting meaningful information from
unstructured data sources like clinical notes

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