Lesson 1- Introduction To
Flowchart and Pseudocode
Definition of Flow Chart:-
Flowcharts are a graphical way of representing an algorithm design.
Definition of Pseudocode:-
You can write algorithms in plain English before you decide which programming
language you want to use. Writing algorithms this way is called pseudocode.
Definition of Algorithms:-
An algorithm is a set of instructions that describes how to solve a problem.
Algorithms can be designed using pseudo-code and/or flowcharts. They are
written using statements and expressions.
Let’s take an example
Write algorithm ,flowchart and pseudocode to find the
larger number between two numbers .
Algorithm
Step 1: take a number from the user as num1
Step 2: take the second number from the user as num2
Step 3: compare the two numbers
Step 4: if num 1 is greater ,print num 1 is the greater
number
Step 5: if num2 is greater , print num 2 is the greater
number
Step 6: if both numbers are equal , print both the
numbers are equal
FLOW CHART SYMBOLS
NAME SYMBOL EXPLAINTION
Start / Finish Used to indicate the
start and finish of the
algorithm.
Process A process / action to
be performed, e.g. a
calculation or
the assignment of a
value.
Input / Output Used to show data
being inputted into the
system (e.g. by a
user), or data being
outputted (e.g. a
message or the value
from a variable).
Decision A question / test of a
condition that allows
the flowchart to
branch into one of two
Flowchart Example
PSEUDOCODE
Rules for writing pseudocode:
• Variables
Variables are assigned using the = operator.
X 3
Name ”Bob”
A variable is declared the first time a value is assigned. It
assumes the data type of the value it is given. Variables
declared inside a function or procedure are local to that
subroutine. Variables in the main program can be made
global with the keyword global.
• Outputting to Screen
Output (“hello”)
Taking Input from User
variable input(prompt to user)
Example:
Name input(“Please enter your name”)
• Iteration/loop - Count Controlled
for i=0 to 7
print(“Hello”)
next i
Will print hello 8 times (0-7 inclusive).
• Iteration/ loop- Condition Controlled
while answer != ”computer”
answer=input(“What is the password?”)
EndWhile
Do
answer=input(“What is the password?”)
until
Answer == ”computer”
• Logical Operators
AND and OR
Comparison Operators
== Equals to
!= Not Equals to
< Less than
<= Less than
equals to
> Greater than
= Assignment
>= Greater than
equals to
• Logical Operators
Arithmetic Operators
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
MOD modulus
^ Exponentiatio
n
• Selection
Selection will be carried out with if/else and switch/case:
if/else
if
entry==”a”
then
print(“You selected A”)
Elseif
entry==”b”
then
print(“You selected B”)
else
print(“Unrecognized selection”)
endif
Switch /case
switch entry:
case “A”:
print(“You selected A”)
case “B”:
print(“You selected B”)
default:
print(“Unrecognized selection”)
End switch
• Array
Arrays will be 0 based and declared with the keyword
array.
array names[5] =(“Ahmad”,”ben”,”Catherine”,
“Dana”, “Elijah”)
names[0]=”Ahmad”
names[1]=”Ben”
names[2]=”Catherine”
names[3]=”Dana”
names[4]=”Elijah”
print(names[3])
Pseudocode to find the greater number
N1 Input(“enter the first number “)
N2 Input(“enter the second number”)
If (n1>n2)
Then
output (N1 “is greater number” )
Elseif (n2>n1)
then
Output (n2 “is greater number”)
Else
Output (“both numbers are equal”)
End if
Lets take another example
• Calculate the average of three numbers
Algorithm
Step 1: take a number from the user as num1
Step 2: take the second number from the user as num2
Step 3: take the third number from the user as num3
Step 4: Add the three numbers and divide by 3
Step 5: Print the result
Flow chart
Pseudocode to find average
Begin
a= Input(“ enter the first number”)
b= Input(“ enter the second number”)
c= Input(“ enter the third number”)
Avg=0
Avg= (a+b+c)/3
Print (“the average of the three numbers are:” Avg)
end
Lets take one more example
• Lets find out the given number is even number or odd
number
Algorithm
Step 1: take a number from the user as num1
Step 2: divide the num1 with 2.
Step 3: If the remainder is 0 then print num1 is an even
number
Step4: if the reminder is 1 then print num1 is an odd
number
Flow chart
Pseudocode
n1= Input(“please give the number”)
Switch
Case (n1%2 == 0)
Print (n1 “is even number”)
Case(n1%2 != 0)
Print (n1 “is odd number”)
End switch
Pseudocode
Begin
n1= Input(“please give the number”)
If (n1 %2 == 0)
Then
Output(n1 “ is an even number”)
Else
Output(n1 “ is an odd number”)
endif
Thank You
