Course Name
Foundations of
Education
Ideological Foundation of
education
The ideological foundation of education refers to the set
of beliefs, values, and principles that shape and guide the
goals, methods, and content of an educational system.
These ideologies often stem from broader social, cultural,
political, and philosophical perspectives, and they
influence how education is designed, delivered, and
evaluated.
• 1.1 Islamic Foundations of Education
Tawhid (Oneness of Allah)
• Education should emphasize
the belief in the oneness of
Allah, integrating all
knowledge as part of
understanding and
Ibadah (Worship and Obedience to Allah)
• Education is seen as a form of
worship when it aligns with Allah’s
commands. Learning is not just for
worldly success but to fulfill one’s
duties as a servant of Allah.
Ilm (Knowledge)
• Islam places a high value on seeking
knowledge, both religious (revealed
knowledge) and worldly (scientific and
rational knowledge).
Akhlaq (Morality and Ethics)
• Education should emphasize the
development of good character and
ethical behavior, following the example
of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
Khilafah (Stewardship)
• Humans are seen as stewards (khalifah) of
Allah on earth. Education should prepare
individuals to fulfill this responsibility by
contributing positively to society and
protecting the environment.
Adl (Justice)
• Justice is a core value in Islam. Education
should teach fairness, equality, and the
importance of upholding justice in personal,
social, and professional life.
Integration of Knowledge (Naqli and Aqli)
• Islamic education integrates naqli knowledge
(revealed knowledge, such as Quran and Hadith)
with aqli knowledge (rational, intellectual
knowledge).
Falah (Success in This Life and the Hereafter)
• The ultimate goal of Islamic education is falah,
which is success in both worldly life and eternal
life in the Hereafter.
Ummah (Community and Brotherhood)
• Education should foster a sense of unity,
cooperation, and solidarity within the Muslim
community and promote peaceful coexistence
with others.
Tarbiya (Holistic Development)
• Tarbiya refers to nurturing and developing
individuals physically, intellectually, emotionally,
and spiritually.
1.2 Islamic Concepts of Peace
• Salaam (Peace and Greeting)
• The Islamic greeting, “As-salamu Alaikum” (Peace be
upon you), emphasizes peace as a foundational value in
interactions.
Amn (Security and Safety)
• Islam emphasizes the importance of safety and
security for all individuals, as demonstrated by
the Quranic instruction to protect life and
property.
Sulh (Reconciliation)
• Islam encourages reconciliation in resolving
disputes, promoting dialogue, compromise,
and forgiveness over conflict.
Justice (Adl)
• Justice is a core principle in Islam and is seen as
essential for establishing and maintaining peace.
Without justice, there can be no lasting peace.
Forgiveness (Afw)
• Islam promotes forgiveness as a means to achieve
inner peace and resolve interpersonal conflicts.
The Quran and Hadith highlight the virtue of
forgiving others, even in the face of wrongdoing.
Mercy (Rahma)
• Allah is described as Ar-Rahman (The Most
Merciful) and Ar-Rahim (The Most
Compassionate). Muslims are encouraged to
embody mercy in their relationships and
interactions.
Non-violence (La Ikraha fi Ad-Deen)
• The Quran declares, “There is no compulsion in
religion” (2:256), advocating freedom of choice
and non-violence in matters of faith and personal
beliefs.
Respect for Diversity (Ta’aruf)
• The Quran emphasizes the value of diversity,
stating, “We made you into nations and tribes
so that you may know one another” (49:13).
Jihad al-Nafs (Struggle for Inner Peace)
• The greater jihad in Islam refers to the struggle
against one’s own negative traits, such as anger,
greed, or hatred, to achieve inner peace and
harmony.
Relationship of Islam with other Religious
• Islam emphasizes a relationship of mutual
respect, dialogue, and peaceful coexistence with
other religions. Its teachings, based on the Quran
and the example of the Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH), encourage understanding and
cooperation among diverse faiths while
maintaining the distinct identity and principles of
Islam.
Belief in Common Origins
• Islam teaches that all humanity originates from the same
Creator, and many religions share a divine origin.
Recognition of Other Prophets
Islam acknowledges and honors prophets from
other religious traditions, such as Moses (Musa),
Jesus (Isa), and Abraham (Ibrahim), as
messengers of Allah.
Freedom of Religion (La Ikraha fi Ad-Deen)
• Islam emphasizes freedom of belief and
explicitly prohibits compulsion in matters of
faith.
Encouragement of Dialogue (Ta’aruf)
• Islam advocates for dialogue and understanding
among different religious groups to foster peace
and cooperation.
Peaceful Coexistence
• Islam encourages Muslims to live peacefully with
people of other faiths and protect their rights.
Respect for Places of Worship
• Islam mandates the protection of religious
institutions, such as churches, synagogues, and
temples.
• Justice and Fair Treatment
• Islam requires Muslims to act justly toward people of all
faiths, even during conflict.
• Acceptance of Diversity as Divine Will
• Islam acknowledges the diversity of religions as part of
Allah’s divine plan.
• Prohibition of Hostility Except in Self-Defense
• Islam discourages hostility and violence against other
religious groups except in cases of self-defense or when
aggression is initiated.
• Invitation to Shared Values
• Islam calls for finding common ground with other
religions, particularly on shared values of monotheism,
justice, and morality.
