Cloud Computing

Dr. Pravneet Kaur

  What is a Cloud?
 Definition of Cloud
 Characteristics of Cloud
 Why use Clouds
 How Clouds are Changing
Contents  Driving factors towards Cloud
 Comparing Grid with Cloud and others
 Workload patterns for cloud
 Big Data
 IT as a Service
 According to NIST, “Cloud computing is a
model for enabling ubiquitous,
What is convenient, on-demand network access
Cloud to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks,
Computin servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned
g and released with minimal management
effort or service provider interaction
  The cloud" refers to servers that are
accessed over the Internet, and the
software and databases that run on those
servers
Definition  Cloud servers are located in data centers
of Cloud all over the world. By using cloud
computing, users and companies don't
have to manage physical servers
themselves or run software applications
on their own machines.
Cloud
 According to NIST, “Cloud
computing is a model for
enabling ubiquitous,
convenient, on-demand
What is network access to a shared pool
of configurable computing
Cloud resources (e.g., networks,
Comput servers, storage, applications,
and services) that can be
ing rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal
management effort or service
provider interaction
  On-demand self-service
Characteri  Broad network access
stics of  Resource pooling
Cloud  Rapid elasticity
 Measured service
  Capabilities can be elastically provisioned
and released, in some cases
automatically, to scale rapidly outward
Rapid and inward commensurate with demand.
elasticity  To the consumer, the capabilities
available for provisioning often appear to
be unlimited and can be appropriated in
any quantity at any time.
  Cloud systems automatically control and
optimize resource use by leveraging a
metering capability at some level of
abstraction appropriate to the type of
Measured service (e.g., storage, processing,
bandwidth, and active user accounts).
Service  Resource usage can be monitored,
controlled, and reported, providing
transparency for both the provider and
consumer of the utilized service.
On-  A consumer can unilaterally provision
demand computing capabilities, such as server
time and network storage, as needed
self- automatically without requiring human
service interaction with each service provider.
  Capabilities are available over the
Broad network and accessed through standard
mechanisms that promote use by
network heterogeneous thin or thick client
access platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets,
laptops, and workstations).
  The provider’s computing resources are
pooled to serve multiple consumers using
a multi-tenant model, with different
physical and virtual resources
dynamically assigned and reassigned
according to consumer demand.
 There is a sense of location independence
Resource in that the customer generally has no
pooling control or knowledge over the exact
location of the provided resources but
may be able to specify location at a
higher level of abstraction (e.g., country,
state, or datacenter).
 Examples of resources include storage,
processing, memory, and network
bandwidth.
  Reduction of costs – unlike on-site
hosting the price of deploying
applications in the cloud can be less due
to lower hardware costs from more
effective use of physical resources.
 Universal access - cloud computing can
Why use allow remotely located employees to
access applications and work via the
Clouds internet.
 Up to date software - a cloud provider
will also be able to upgrade software
keeping in mind feedback from previous
software releases.
  Choice of applications. This allows
flexibility for cloud users to experiment
and choose the best option for their
needs. Cloud computing also allows a
business to use, access and pay only for
what they use, with a fast implementation
time
 Potential to be greener and more
economical - the average amount of
energy needed for a computational action
carried out in the cloud is far less than the
Why use average amount for an
deployment. This is because different
on-site

Clouds organizations can share the same

physical resources securely, leading to
more efficient use of the shared
resources.
 Flexibility – cloud computing allows
users to switch applications easily and
rapidly, using the one that suits their
needs best. However, migrating data
between applications can be an issue.
  Easy & Instant Updates
How  Unparalleled Scalability
Clouds are  Substantial Savings
Changing  Unrivaled Flexibility
 Matchless Security
  Software upgrades have always
been perceived as a tedious task
especially when the changes are
taking place at the corporate level
on a large scale.
 But, cloud service providers handle
Easy & all these hassles of system
Instant updates, so you don’t have to keep
tabs of all the maintenance
Updates aspects.
 All the system upgrades and
security updates are taken care of
by the service provider so that
companies can focus on the core
competencies without being
interrupted by ongoing updates.
  Every corporate territory comes with a
massive amount of data, which makes
the presence of cloud all the more
mandatory. Cloud platforms are
substantially scalable, which is highly
beneficial for the ever-fluctuating
Unparalle storage needs of the IT environment.
led  Before the cloud era, companies were
struggling with their storage needs and
Scalabilit wasting time upgrading servers. But
y with the advent of cloud computing,
expanding storage needs are no more
an issue as every change is managed
on the spot.
.
  However, cloud users may have limited
control over their hosting framework
and this might impose certain
constraints with deployment. If you
Unparalle wish to maximize the returns on your
led virtual infrastructure, Xangati offers
maximum capacity utilization without
Scalabilit inviting contention storms. It provides
y prescriptive analysis that helps
companies make faster decisions with
better business outcomes.
  Moving to cloud allows companies to
lower their operational expenses and
improve resource efficiency while
cutting down on equipment and IT
Substanti staffing costs.
al  As the service provider handles all the
Savings system and security updates, big
businesses can bring down their
infrastructure budget to half.
  Cloud technology comes at a
considerable investment but when
compared to an onsite IT service, it is
Substanti just a fraction of the total cost. Cloud
servers and equipment are housed
al offsite, which saves a lot of money that
Savings can be utilized for system upkeep. Also,
virtual servers are much more cost
effective as compared to individual
servers.
  Whether employees want to share files
and folders across the globe or work
from home using their own device,
cloud technology makes it all possible.
With cloud, companies can easily
access business-related documents
from any location and share it with
Unrivaled multiple users.
Flexibilit  This all-encompassing platform comes
y with unlimited storage and sharing
capabilities to keep corporations
connected at all times.
 This much-needed flexibility for end
users invites room for performance
issues in the infrastructure.
  Storing a substantial amount of
sensitive data on a cloud platform may
sound risky but this offsite data storage
technology is completely secure and
reliable.
Matchles  Cloud eliminates the possibility of data
theft because all the information is
s securely stored offsite and away from
Security the device.
 Information is always accessible with
encrypted passwords and extra care is
taken by cloud service providers to
ensure that all the stored data remains
protected.
  Grid Computing
1: Loosely coupled(Decentralization)
2: Diversity and Dynamism
3: Distributed Job Management & scheduling

Cloud computing
1: Dynamic computing infrastructure
Comparis 2: IT service centric approach
3: Self service based usage model
on Grid 4: Minimally or self managed platform

Cluster Cluster computing

1:Tightly coupled systems
Cloud 2: Single system image
3: Centralized Job management & scheduling
system

Distributed Computing
Is to solve a single large problem by breaking it
down into several tasks where each task is
computed in the individual computers of the
distributed system.
  Grid computing is a network based
computational model that has the ability to
process large volumes of data with the help of
a group of networked computers that
Grid coordinate to solve a problem together.
Computin Basically, it’s a vast network of interconnected
g computers working towards a common problem
by dividing it into several small units called
grids. It’s based on a distributed architecture
which means tasks are managed and
scheduled in a distributed way with no time
dependency.
  The group of computers acts as a virtual
supercomputer to provide scalable and
seamless access to wide-area computing
Grid resources which are geographically
distributed and present them as a single,
Computin unified resource to perform large-scale
g applications such as analyzing huge sets
of data.
  Technology involved in Grid
Differenc Computing and Cloud Computing
e
Grid computing is form of computing
between which follows a distributed architecture
Grid which means a single task is broken down
into several smaller tasks through a
Computin distributed system involving multiple
g and computer networks.
 Cloud computing, on the other hand, is a
Cloud whole new class of computing based on
Computin network technology where every user of
the cloud has its own private resource
g that is provided by the specific service
provider
Differenc  Terminology of Grid Computing and
Cloud Computing
e

between Both are network based computing
Grid technologies that share similar
characteristics such as resource pooling,
Computin however, they are very different from
g and each other in terms of architecture,
business model, interoperability, etc.
Cloud  Grid computing is a collection of
Computin computer resources from multiple
locations to process a single task. The
g grid acts as a distributed system for
collaborative sharing of resources.
 Cloud computing, on the other hand, is a
form of computing based on virtualized
resources which are located over multiple
locations in clusters.
Differenc
e
between  Computing Resources in Grid
Computing and Cloud Computing
Grid
Computin Grid computing is based on a distributed
system which means computing
g and resources are distributed among different
Cloud computing units which are located across
different sites, countries, and continents.
Computin  In cloud computing, computing resources
g are managed centrally which are located
over multiple servers in clusters in cloud
providers’ private data centers.
Differenc
 Function of Grid Computing
e
and Cloud Computing
between
Grid The main function of grid computing is job
scheduling using all kinds of computing
Computin resources where a task is divided into
g and several independent sub-tasks and each
machine on a grid is assigned with a task.
Cloud After all the sub-tasks are completed they
are sent back to the main machine which
Computin handles and processes all the tasks.
g
 Cloud computing involves resource
pooling through grouping resources on an
as-needed basis from clusters of servers
Differenc
 Function of Grid Computing
e
and Cloud Computing
between
Grid The main function of grid computing is job
scheduling using all kinds of computing
Computin resources where a task is divided into
g and several independent sub-tasks and each
machine on a grid is assigned with a task.
Cloud After all the sub-tasks are completed they
are sent back to the main machine which
Computin handles and processes all the tasks.
g
 Cloud computing involves resource
pooling through grouping resources on an
as-needed basis from clusters of servers
Differenc
e
between Cloud Computing Grid Computing
Grid Cloud Computing follows Grid computing follows a

Computin client-server
architecture.
computing distributed
architecture.
computing

g and Scalability is high. Scalability is normal.

Cloud Cloud Computing is more Grid Computing

flexible than grid computing. flexible than
is less
cloud
Computin computing.

g Cloud operates
centralized
as a Grid operates as a
management decentralized management
system. system.
 In cloud computing, In Grid computing,
cloud servers are grids are owned and
owned by managed by the
Differenc infrastructure organization.
e providers.

between Cloud computing uses Grid computing uses

Grid services like Iaas, systems like
Computin PaaS, and SaaS. distributed computing,
distributed
g and information, and
distributed pervasive.
Cloud
Cloud Computing is Grid Computing is
Computin Service-oriented. Application-oriented.
g It is accessible It is accessible
through standard web through grid
protocols. middleware.
In cloud computing, In Grid computing,
cloud servers are grids are owned and
owned by managed by the
infrastructure organization.
Differenc
e
between
Grid
Computin
g and
Cloud
Computin
g
 resources from multiple locations to reach a
common goal. The grid can be thought of as
a distributed system with non-interactive
workloads that involve a large number of files.
Grid computing is distinguished from
conventional high performance computing
systems such as cluster computing in that grid
computers have each node set to perform a
different task/application. Grid computers also
tend to be more heterogeneous and
geographically dispersed (thus not physically
coupled) than cluster computers. Although a
Grid single grid can be dedicated to a particular
Computin application, commonly a grid is used for a
variety of purposes. Grids are often constructed
g with general-purpose grid middleware software
libraries. Grid sizes can be quite large.
 Grids are a form of distributed
computing whereby a "super virtual
computer" is composed of many
networked loosely coupled computers acting
together to perform large tasks. For certain
applications, distributed or grid computing can
be seen as a special type of parallel
computing that relies on complete computers
(with onboard CPUs, storage, power supplies,
network interfaces, etc.) connected to
  Grid Computing
1: Loosely coupled(Decentralization)
2: Diversity and Dynamism
3: Distributed Job Management &
scheduling

Cloud computing
1: Dynamic computing infrastructure
2: IT service centric approach
3: Self service based usage model
Compariso 4: Minimally or self managed platform
n Grid
Cluster Cluster computing
1:Tightly coupled systems
Cloud 2: Single system image
3: Centralized Job management &
scheduling system

Distributed Computing
Is to solve a single large problem by
breaking it down into several tasks
where each task is computed in the
individual computers of the distributed
system
  During 1961, John MacCharty
delivered his speech at MIT that
“Computing Can be sold as a
Utility, like Water and Electricity.”
According to John MacCharty it
was a brilliant idea.
History of
 But people at that time don’t
Cloud
want to adopt this technology.
Computin They thought the technology
g they are using efficient enough
for them. So, this concept of
computing was not appreciated
much so and very less will
research on it
  The idea of an “Intergalactic Computer
Network” or “Galactic Network” (a
computer networking concept similar to
today’s Internet) was introduced by
J.C.R. Licklider, who was responsible for
enabling the development of ARPANET
(Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network). His vision was for everyone
on the globe to be interconnected and
History of being able to access programs and
Cloud data at any site, from anywhere.
Computin
g  Using virtualization software like
VMware. It become possible to run
more than one Operating System
simultaneously in an isolated
environment. It was possible to run a
completely different Computer (virtual
machine) inside a different Operating
System.
  The first known definition of the term
“Cloud Computing” seems to be by Prof.
Ramnath Chellappa in Dallas in 1997 – “A
computing paradigm where the
boundaries of computing will be
determined by economic rationale rather
History of than technical limits alone.”
Cloud  The arrival of Salesforce.com in 1999
pioneered the concept of delivering
Computin enterprise applications via simple
g website. The services firm covered the
way for both specialist and mainstream
software firms to deliver applications over
the Internet. This company started
delivering an enterprise application over
the internet and this way the boom of
Cloud Computing was started.
  In 2002, Amazon started Amazon
Web Services (AWS), Amazon will
provide storage, computation
over the internet.
History of  The first public release of Xen,
Cloud which creates a Virtual Machine
Computin Monitor (VMM) also known as a
g hypervisor, a software system
that allows the execution of
multiple virtual guest operating
systems simultaneously on a
single machine.
  In 2006, Amazon expanded its
cloud services. First was its
Elastic Compute cloud (EC2),
which allowed people to access
computers and run their own
applications on them, all on the
cloud.
History of
Cloud
 Then they brought out Simple
Computin Storage Service (S3). This
g introduced the pay-as-you-go
model to both users and the
industry as a whole, and it has
basically become standard
practice now.
  After that in 2009, Google Play
also started providing Cloud
Computing Enterprise
Application as other companies
will see the emergence of cloud
Computing they also started
History of providing their cloud services.
Cloud  Thus, in 2009, Microsoft launch
Computin Microsoft Azure and after that
other companies like Alibaba,
g IBM, Oracle, HP also introduces
their Cloud Services. In today the
Cloud Computing become very
popular and important skill.
  To really understand big data, it’s helpful
to have some historical background. Here
is Gartner’s definition, circa 2001 (which
is still the go-to definition): Big data is
data that contains greater variety arriving
in increasing volumes and with ever-
higher velocity. This is known as the three
Vs.
 Put simply, big data is larger, more
Big Data complex data sets, especially from new
data sources. These data sets are so
voluminous that traditional data
processing software just can’t manage
them. But these massive volumes of data
can be used to address business problems
you wouldn’t have been able to tackle
before.
  Big data is a term that describes the large
volume of data – both structured and
unstructured – that inundates a business
on a day-to-day basis.
 But it’s not the amount of data that’s
Big Data important. It’s what organizations do with
the data that matters.
 Big data can be analyzed for insights that
lead to better decisions and strategic
business moves.
  The term “big data” refers to data that is
so large, fast or complex that it’s difficult
or impossible to process using traditional
methods.
History of  The act of accessing and storing large
amounts of information for analytics has
Big Data been around a long time. But the concept
of big data gained momentum in the early
2000s when industry analyst Doug Laney
articulated the now-mainstream definition
of big data as the three V’s:
  The development of open-source
frameworks, such as Hadoop (and more
recently, Spark) was essential for the
growth of big data because they make big
data easier to work with and cheaper to
store.
 With the advent of the Internet of Things
(IoT), more objects and devices are
History of connected to the internet, gathering data
on customer usage patterns and product
Big Data performance. The emergence of machine
learning has produced still more data.
 While big data has come far, its
usefulness is only just beginning. Cloud
computing has expanded big data
possibilities even further. The cloud offers
truly elastic scalability, where developers
can simply spin up ad hoc clusters to test
a subset of data.
  Big data is often characterized by 3Vs:
 Volume
 Velocity
 Variety

Big Data  Data can be classified as

 Social Data
 Machine data
 Transactional Data
  The amount of data matters. With big
data, you’ll have to process high volumes
of low-density, unstructured data.
 This can be data of unknown value, such
as Twitter data feeds, clickstreams on a
Volume webpage or a mobile app, or sensor-
enabled equipment.
 For some organizations, this might be
tens of terabytes of data. For others, it
may be hundreds of petabytes.
  Velocity is the fast rate at which data is
received and (perhaps) acted on.
 Normally, the highest velocity of data
streams directly into memory versus
Velocity being written to disk.
 Some internet-enabled smart products
operate in real time or near real time and
will require real-time evaluation and
action.
  Variety refers to the many types of data
that are available.
 Traditional data types were structured
and fit neatly in a relational database.
 With the rise of big data, data comes in
Variety new unstructured data types.
 Unstructured and semistructured data
types, such as text, audio, and video,
require additional preprocessing to derive
meaning and support metadata.
Type of
data
  Big data gives you new insights that open
up new opportunities and business
models. Getting started involves three
key actions:
How Big  Integrate
Data  Manage
Works  Analyze
  Integrate
 Big data brings together data from many
disparate sources and applications.
Traditional data integration mechanisms,
such as ETL (extract, transform, and load)
generally aren’t up to the task. It requires
How Big new strategies and technologies to
Data analyze big data sets at terabyte, or even
petabyte, scale.
Works  During integration, you need to bring in
the data, process it, and make sure it’s
formatted and available in a form that
your business analysts can get started
with.
  Manage
 Big data requires storage. Your storage
solution can be in the cloud, on premises,
or both. You can store your data in any
form you want and bring your desired
processing requirements and necessary
How Big process engines to those data sets on an
on-demand basis.
Data  Many people choose their storage
Works solution according to where their data is
currently residing. The cloud is gradually
gaining popularity because it supports
your current compute requirements and
enables you to spin up resources as
needed.
  Analyze
 Your investment in big data pays off when
you analyze and act on your data.
How Bog  Get new clarity with a visual analysis of
Data your varied data sets. Explore the data
further to make new discoveries. Share
Works your findings with others.
 Build data models with machine learning
and artificial intelligence. Put your data to
work.
  Product Development
 Companies like Netflix and Procter &
Gamble use big data to anticipate
customer demand. They build predictive
models for new products and services by
classifying key attributes of past and
Big Data current products or services and modeling
Use Cases the relationship between those attributes
and the commercial success of the
offerings.
 In addition, P&G uses data and analytics
from focus groups, social media, test
markets, and early store rollouts to plan,
produce, and launch new products.
  Predictive Maintenance
 Factors that can predict mechanical
failures may be deeply buried in
structured data, such as the year, make,
and model of equipment, as well as in
Big Data unstructured data that covers millions of
log entries, sensor data, error messages,
Use Cases and engine temperature.
 By analyzing these indications of
potential issues before the problems
happen, organizations can deploy
maintenance more cost effectively and
maximize parts and equipment uptime.
  Customer Experience
 The race for customers is on.
 A clearer view of customer experience is
more possible now than ever before. Big
data enables you to gather data from
Big Data social media, web visits, call logs, and
Use Cases other sources to improve the interaction
experience and maximize the value
delivered.
 Start delivering personalized offers,
reduce customer churn, and handle issues
proactively.
  Machine Learning
 Machine learning is a hot topic right now.

Big Data  And data—specifically big data—is one of

the reasons why. We are now able to
Use Cases teach machines instead of program them.
The availability of big data to train
machine learning models makes that
possible..
  Fraud and Compliance
 When it comes to security, it’s not just a
few rogue hackers—you’re up against
entire expert teams.
Big Data  Security landscapes and compliance
Use Cases requirements are constantly evolving. Big
data helps you identify patterns in data
that indicate fraud and aggregate large
volumes of information to make
regulatory reporting much faster.
  Operational Efficiency
 Operational efficiency may not always
make the news, but it’s an area in which
big data is having the most impact.
Big Data  With big data, you can analyze and
Use Cases assess production, customer feedback
and returns, and other factors to reduce
outages and anticipate future demands.
Big data can also be used to improve
decision-making in line with current
market demand
  Drive Innovation
 Big data can help you innovate by
studying interdependencies among
humans, institutions, entities, and process
and then determining new ways to use
Big Data those insights.
Use Cases  Use data insights to improve decisions
about financial and planning
considerations. Examine trends and what
customers want to deliver new products
and services. Implement dynamic pricing.
There are endless possibilities.
  While big data holds a lot of promise, it is
not without its challenges.
 First, big data is…big. Although
new technologies have been developed
for data storage, data volumes are
doubling in size about every two years.
Organizations still struggle to keep pace
with their data and find ways to
Big Data effectively store it.
Challenge  But it’s not enough to just store the data.
s Data must be used to be valuable and
that depends on curation. Clean data, or
data that’s relevant to the client and
organized in a way that enables
meaningful analysis, requires a lot of
work. Data scientists spend
50 to 80 percent of their time curating
and preparing data before it can actually
be used
  Finally, big data technology is changing at
a rapid pace. A few years ago, Apache
Hadoop was the popular technology used
Big Data to handle big data. Then Apache Spark
Challenge was introduced in 2014. Today, a
combination of the two frameworks
s appears to be the best approach. Keeping
up with big data technology is an ongoing
challenge.
  IT as a service (ITaaS) is an operational model
where the IT service provider delivers
an information technology service to a
business.The IT service provider can be an
internal IT organization or an external IT services
IT as a company. The recipients of ITaaS can be a line of
business(LOB) organization within an enterprise
Service or a small and medium business (SMB).
 The information technology is typically delivered
as a managed service with a clear IT services
catalog and pricing associated with each of the
catalog items.
  At its core, ITaaS is a competitive business model
where businesses have many options for IT
services and the internal IT organization has to
compete against those other external options in
order to be the selected IT service provider to the
business. Options for providers other than the
internal IT organization may include
IT outsourcing companies and public
IT as a cloud providers.
 .
Service  IT as a Service (ITaaS) is a technology-delivery
method that treats IT(information technology) as
a commodity, providing an enterprise with exactly
the amount of hardware, software,
and support that it needs for an agreed-on
monthly fee. In this context, IT encompasses all of
the technologies for creating, storing, exchanging,
and using business data.
  IT departments have traditionally
operated as internal experts to the wider
organization, fixing IT issues, procuring
technologies, and working to keep in-
house systems alive and stable.
 With the proliferation of cloud
IT as a technologies, these responsibilities are
now expected from external cloud
service vendors. This shift has transformed the
requirements for internal IT departments.
 IT is now expected to operate as a
business unit that assists the organization
and its users in leveraging
commoditized IT services in line with
organizational goals.
  In the same ways as cloud computing
services, enterprise IT expertise and
services offered by the internal IT
department can be consumed “as a
service”.
 IT as a Service (ITaaS) can be seen as a
What is transformative operational model that
allows a line of business or user to
ITaaS? consume Information Technology as a
managed service. The services are
cataloged, allowing users to consume and
pay only for the services they require.
This operating model can be adopted by
internal IT departments or external
vendors.
  A variety of services, configuration
settings, framework guidelines and
technologies are made available to
address the unique demands of each user
and line of business.
 Consumers have a variety of choices and
can employ IT solutions prepared to meet
the specific demands, which have already
What is been assessed and prepared for, but the
ITaaS service provider.
ITaaS?  They are no longer the tech folks focused
on putting out the fire when an end-user
fails to employ a required IT service.
Instead, it’s focused on addressing the
unique requirements of internal
consumers, allowing them the options to
choose the best available resources and
solutions, along with managing the entire
experience lifecycle associated with it.
ITaas
  Business Focus: The operations and
service architecture of an ITaaS vendor is
designed around the business
requirements of the organization instead
of the technical projects and IT
infrastructure running on-premise.
ITaas  IT Management Framework: The
leadership should support decisions on IT
services with a focus on business and
end-user requirements instead of
individual projects and technology assets.
  Financing: The pricing of an ITaaS
offering should justify the promised cost
savings and value. As a broker and
managed service provider, ITaaS
providers may have a limited range of
profitability when customers can
purchase a service directly from the
vendor.
 Cross-Functional Expertise: IT
ITaas departments transitioning to the ITaaS
model will require expertise with business
and sales knowledge to connect the right
user with the right external provider.
Traditionally, IT departments comprise IT
specialists with little contributions to
business decisions associated with the
choice of new technology deployment.
  Agile ITSM: Since ITaaS is focused on the
process of serving user requests and
aligning IT with business, it must adopt an
appropriate ITSM framework that
enables agile and effective business
operations.
 User Experience: ITaaS should be able
to offer an improved user experience as
ITaas compared to traditional IT departments.
The catalog listing ITaaS offering should
be exhaustive with transparent pricing
models. The managed services should
ensure that end-user requirements are
addressed effectively across the service
lifecycle.
  IT departments in large enterprises
typically operate as a single point of
contact and service provider to a large
internal user base.
 With the ITaaS model, organizations can
employ the same services without
operating an IT department in-house. This
Benefits of model is particularly suitable for SMB
firms operating on a limited budget and
ITaaS resources.
 For large enterprises, internal IT
departments can take the role of an ITaaS
vendor to internal users and lines of
business. This requires decoupling of IT
shops from the organizational structure,
introducing new roles and responsibilities,
as well as a cultural change in the way IT
interacts and serves its internal users.
  The ITaaS model offers a simple concept:
IT services are consumed effectively
when end-users are given sufficient
choices between services—and charged
on the consumption basis. In this context,
ITaaS vendors are responsible for
maintaining a vast library of IT solutions
and services required by end-users.
Benefits of  ITaaS vendors take the role of managed
ITaaS service providers and brokers. With the
service-oriented model, they manage and
orchestrate the IT service lifecycle: from
identifying a user requirement to
supporting the final outcome of an
effectively delivered service. It includes
tasks such as finding available solutions,
negotiating SLAs, and helping users make
well-informed decisions when selecting a
service.
  AWS Lambda
 Amazon S3
 Amazon RDS
Example  Amazon QuickSight
AWS  Amazon EC2