ዲጂታል ማንበብና መጻፍ

DIGITAL LITERACY

BISHOFTU, ETHIOPIA

FEBRUARY, 2024
 Contents
0 Introducti
1 on to
Digital Computer
0
Literacy Basics 2
0 Computer
3 Software
Computer 0
0
Networking 4
Internet
5 and WWW
0
Information
Security 6
0 Cloud
Computing
7 0
Email and
social medias
8
 Course Topics
Computer Basics Course Topics
Lesson 1: Introduction to Computers

Objectives
1.1 Describe the role of computers, their parts, and how to work with computers.
1.2 Define common computer terminology.
1.3 Explain the types of computers and performance issues.
1.4 Explain computer organization.

1.5 Identify the primary hardware components of a computer.

1.6 The role of memory in computer.
Lesson 2: Computer software
Objectives
2.1 Describe operating system
2.2 Describe the type and component of operating system.
2.3 Explain the common functions of an operating system 3

2.4 Describe application software and their uses.

3.4 discuss Software licence
 Course Topics
Computer Networking
Lesson 1: Networking
Objectives
1.1 Describe the building block of computer networking.
1.2 Describe different type of networking.
Lesson 2: Internet
Objectives
2.1 Describe the uses of the internet.
2.2 Identify the requirements for an Internet connection
2.3 Explain internet major services.
2.4 Intranet Vs Extranet
Lesson 3: The World Wide Web
Objectives
3.1 Describe the components of the Web.
3.2 Discuss Web structure
3.3 Explain how to perform transactions over the Web. 4
 Course Topics
Information System Security
Lesson 1: Information Security
Objectives
1.1 Explain what is Information Security
5
1.2 Discuss different types of attack
e
1.3 Describe surety measurements
1.4 Explain key feature of system security
1.5 Discuss cyber security and cyber attacks
1.6 Personal Data Targeted Attacks

Email and Social media

Lesson 1: E-Mail
Objectives
1.1 Explain how e-mail works.
1.2 Discuss Email Protocol
1.3 How to create an e-mail address.
1.4 Identify correct e-mail etiquette.
Your experiences with Digital
literacy at workplace?
 Digital Literacy in Ethiopia: drivers?

• A National Digital literacy Country Action Plan

• Focus > baseline skills in relation to the use of
technology
• Strategy for 2020-2030
• Focus > Enhancing employability of youth via digital
literacy

7
 ዲጂታል ማንበብና መጻፍ በኢትዮጵያ፡ አሽከርካሪዎች?

• ብሔራዊ ዲጂታል ማንበብና መጻፍ አገር የድርጊት ዕቅድ

• ከቴክኖሎጂ አጠቃቀም ጋር በተያያዘ ትኩረት > የመነሻ
ችሎታዎች።
• የ2020-2030 ስትራቴጂ።
• ትኩረት > በዲጂታል ማንበብና መጻፍ የወጣቶችን የስራ
እድል ማሳደግ።

8
 Digital literacy…what is it?

Digital literacy is defined as:

“the ability to access, manage, understand, integrate,
communicate, evaluate and create information safely and
appropriately through digital technologies for employment,
decent jobs, and entrepreneurship.”
• It includes competences that are variously referred to as
computer literacy, ICT literacy and media literacy.

9
 ዲጂታል ማንበብና መጻፍ... ምንድን ነው?
• ዲጂታል ማንበብና መጻፍ እንደሚከተለው ይገለጻል፡-
• “በዲጂታል ቴክኖሎጂዎች ለስራ፣ ለጨዋ ስራዎች እና
ለስራ ፈጠራ መረጃን በአስተማማኝ እና በተገቢው መንገድ
የማግኘት፣ የማስተዳደር፣ የመረዳት፣ የማዋሃድ፣
የመግባባት፣ የመገምገም እና የመፍጠር ችሎታ።”
• በተለያየ መልኩ የኮምፒውተር ማንበብና መጻፍ፣
የመመቴክ ማንበብና መጻፍ እና የሚዲያ ማንበብና መጻፍ
የሚባሉ ብቃቶችን ያካትታል።

10
 Connected terminologies

Digital Transform
Modernization of current processes and supporting
Infrastructure to achieve un imaginable outcome.
E.g. Driver-less car use AI to efficiently transport citizens

Digitalization
Inserting technology into existing process that
optimize value by automating process.
E.g. Citizens use portals to access related service e.g. licence,
insurance, care registration

Digitization
Conversion of manual record, data or process in to
a digital format.
E.g. Paper file or registration vehicle registration
date are stored in an electronic database.

11
 Digital Literacy in SDG

Communication
and collaboration

Digital content
creation
The Sustainable Development
Goal highlights the need for a
minimum level of proficiency Device and software
in digital literacy skills. operation

Information and data

literacy

Safety and Career

related
competencies

12
 key skills needed to equip the next
generation?

Equipping the next generation with digital skills requires

more focus on youths.
• Information Communicating on digital platforms
• Handling information and content
• Problem solving using digital tools
• Digital responsibility

13
 ቀጣዩን ትውልድ ለማስታጠቅ የሚያስፈልጉ ቁልፍ ችሎታዎች?

• ቀጣዩን ትውልድ በዲጂታል ክህሎት ማስታጠቅ በወጣቶች

ላይ የበለጠ ትኩረት ማድረግን ይጠይቃል።
• በዲጂታል መድረኮች ላይ የመረጃ ግንኙነት
• መረጃን እና ይዘትን አያያዝ
• ዲጂታል መሳሪያዎችን በመጠቀም ችግር መፍታት
• ዲጂታል ሃላፊነት

14
 Activity One

Youth exposure for digital literacy?

15
 Lesson One

Computer Basics
 What is a computer?
Because of their characteristics and powerful functionalities,
computers are used in various fields.

17
Specific Importance of Computers

• Internet
• VOIP and Video Chat
• Social Networking
• Information Access
• Creative and Self Expression
• Communication and collaboration

18
 The basics of computer
performance

• The performance of a computer depends on four factors:

I. central processing unit" (CPU)

Most determinant
II. Random access memory (RAM)
III. Graphics system
IV. Internal hard drive speed and capacity.

19
 Features of different computer

Different type computer, classified according to their

performance, power, and size.

• Super computers
• Mainframe computer
• Mini computer
• Microcomputers

20
 Cont’d
Tablet e r
rv
Se Laptop

l e s
n so
co
e Desktop
a m
G
Smart Watch Notbook

21
 Role of memory in computer
• It holds the data and instructions that the CPU needs.
• Before a program can run, the program is loaded from
storage into the memory.
• Works very closely with CPU

22
 Main Parts of Computers

The 5 main parts of a computer

CPU RAM

Storage
GPU

Motherboard
The video card, processor, memory, motherboard and hard drive—are
the same for all computer systems.

23
Computer Organization

24
 Activity Two

• Your experience in maintaining and

working with computers

• Issues in digital device disposal in

Ethiopia ( Concept of Green Computing)

25
 Section Two

Computer Software
 Software

• A set of instructions, also called Programs that tells the computer

what to do.
• Two main types of software: System and application

1. System Software: Coordinates instructions between SW and HW

2. Application Software: Programs used to complete tasks

27
 Operating System
• OS makes functional both hardware and software of the
computer
• It is a powerful and usually extensive program
• Available in all computer-like devices

28
Major Function of OS

Function
of OS

29
 Components of OS

Shell
• Outermost layer
• Manages the interaction between user and
OS : Prompting, Interpreting and Handling

kernel
• Core component.
• It serves as the primary interface: OS and
the HW
• Aids in the control of devices, networking,
file systems, and process and memory
management.

30
 ስርዓተ ክወና አካላት
ቅርፊት
• ውጫዊ ንብርብር
• በተጠቃሚ እና በስርዓተ ክወና መካከል ያለውን
መስተጋብር ያስተዳድራል፡ ማፈናቀል፣ መተርጎም እና
አያያ
ከርነል
• ዋና አካል.
• እንደ ዋና በይነገጽ ያገለግላል፡ OS እና HW።
• በመሳሪያዎች፣ በኔትወርክ፣ በፋይል ሲስተሞች እና በሂደት እና
በማህደረ ትውስታ አስተዳደር ቁጥጥር ውስጥ ያሉ ኤድስ።
31
 Types of OS

Multi Tasking
OS
Distributed
OS
Network Multi Processing
OS Real time OS
OS

Multi
Sh arin g
programming Ti me
Simple Batch
OS
Batch OS OS

32
Application Software

33
The predictive and communication
application
Communication Production
Software Software

Video Messaging Google Apps

for Business

VOIP OpenOffice

Web Microsoft Office

Conferencing

Email Koffice

34
 Activity Three

Any Application Software you are Using in

daily Routine at Workplace

Cracked or Licensed Software at Your

Workplace.

35
 Section Three

Computer Networking
 Computer Networking

• A Two or more devices connected by media

• Apps to support sharing

37
 Building blocks of Networks

Devices

Applications

Networks

38
 Network Types

LAN
PAN PAN
A N
C
WAN

39
 Internet
The Internet?
Is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure.

• The internet is the larges group of computers over linked together

• Provides a variety of services and tools

40
Types of internet connection
መደወያ፡ ለቤት ውስጥ ዓላማ በጣም ተመራጭ።
የፍጥነት መጠን ከ512Kbps እስከ 20Mbps።
Dial-up: most preferred for domestic purpose
Speed range from 512Kbps to 20Mbps

Cable: broadband internet connection

Speed range from 512Kbps to 20Mbps
ገመድ፡ የብሮድባንድ ኢንተርኔት ግንኙነት።
የፍጥነት መጠን ከ512Kbps እስከ 20Mbps።
Wireless: wireless broadband
Speed range from 1.6Mb/s to 5Mbs.
ገመድ አልባ፡ ገመድ አልባ ብሮድባንድ
የፍጥነት መጠን ከ 1.6Mb/s እስከ 5Mbs
41
Connecting to the Internet

10.16.1.1
Wireless
router
192.168.1.2

Crossov
er

42
 Internet Major Services
WWW
• WWW ኢሜይል
ዜና
• Email FTP
• News ፈጣን መልእክት፡ የግል የእውነተኛ ጊዜ
ልወጣ።
• FTP የመስመር ላይ አገልግሎት
• Instant message: private real time conversion

• Online service

43
 Intranet vs Extranet
በይነመረብ ግንኙነቶችን ይፈጥራል
በዓለም ዙሪያ ባሉ ኮምፒተሮች መካከል።

.
Internet
The world
The internet creates connections
between computers around the world.
Extranet

.
Supplier, customers, etc. ኤክስትራኔት ግንኙነት ይፈጥራል
ከድርጅት ባሻገር (ወይም ውጪ)።
An extranet creates connection

.
Intranet
Intranet beyond (or outside) an organization.
The
The organization
organization

An intranet creates connection

Inside an organization.

ኢንትራኔት ግንኙነት ይፈጥራል።

በድርጅት ውስጥ።

44
 World Wide Web
• WWW is a way of accessing information over the medium
of the internet.
• It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the
internet.
• The web uses the HTTP, only one of the languages spoken
over the internet, to transmit data.
• There are more than 1,275,000,000 websites.

45
 ዓለም አቀፍ ድር
• WWW በበይነመረቡ ሚዲያ ላይ መረጃን የማግኘት
መንገድ ነው።
• በበይነመረብ ላይ የተገነባ የመረጃ መጋራት ሞዴል ነው.
• ድሩ መረጃን ለማስተላለፍ በበይነመረቡ ላይ ከሚነገሩ
ቋንቋዎች አንዱ የሆነውን HTTP ይጠቀማል።
• ከ1,275,000,000 በላይ ድረ-ገጾች አሉ።

46
 Key terminologies in Web

• TCP/IP
• DNS
• Domain Name
• Domain name
• FTP
• URL URLs Scheme

47
 Activity Four
How is your organization’s website in terms of the
following metrics?
1. Usability, speed, and mobile optimization
2. Analyse traffic sources
• Organic traffic
• Referral traffic
• Social traffic
3. Is the website easy to use?
4.Has the purpose of the website been met?
5. Has the website been well designed?
6. Is the website up to date?
48
 Activity Four
How is your organization’s website in terms of the
following metrics?
1. Usability, speed, and mobile optimization
2. Analyse traffic sources
• Organic traffic
• Referral traffic
• Social traffic
3. Is the website easy to use?
4.Has the purpose of the website been met?
5. Has the website been well designed?
6. Is the website up to date?
49
 Activity Five

How can small and medium-sized enterprises

benefit from the internet and websites?

50
 Section Four

Cloud Computing
 Cloud Computing

• Cloud Computing is a new class of network based computing

that takes place over the Internet,
– uses remote servers on the internet to store, manage, and access data

– a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and

Internet infrastructure (called a platform)

• Hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure

• Provide very simple graphical interface or API

• Provides on demand services: anywhere, anytime and any

place.
52
 ክላውድ ኮምፒውቲንግ
• ክላውድ ኮምፒውቲንግ በበይነመረቡ ላይ የሚካሄድ አዲስ
የአውታረ መረብ ላይ የተመሰረተ ስሌት ክፍል ነው።
• ውሂብ ለማከማቸት፣ ለማስተዳደር እና ለመድረስ በበይነመረቡ
ላይ የርቀት አገልጋዮችን ይጠቀማል።
• የተቀናጀ እና በአውታረ መረብ የተገናኘ የሃርድዌር፣
የሶፍትዌር እና የኢንተርኔት መሠረተ ልማት ስብስብ/ቡድን
(መድረክ ተብሎ የሚጠራ)።
• የስር መሠረተ ልማት ውስብስብነት እና ዝርዝሮችን ይደብቁ።
• በጣም ቀላል ግራፊክ በይነገጽ ወይም ኤፒአይ ያቅርቡ።
• በፍላጎት አገልግሎቶች ላይ ያቀርባል፡ በማንኛውም ቦታ፣
53
 Cloud Computing

• Operations that we can do using cloud computing:

– Developing new applications and services

– Storage, back up, and recovery of data

– Hosting blogs and websites

– Delivery of software on demand

– Analysis of data

– Streaming videos and audios

54
• internet በመጠቀም ልናደርጋቸው የምንችላቸው
ተግባራት፡-
• አዳዲስ መተግበሪያዎችን እና አገልግሎቶችን ማዳበር።
• መረጃን ማከማቸት፣ ምትኬ ማስቀመጥ እና መልሶ ማግኘት።
• ብሎጎችን እና ድር ጣቢያዎችን ማስተናገድ።
• በፍላጎት ሶፍትዌር ማድረስ።
• የውሂብ ትንተና
• ቪዲዮዎችን እና ኦዲዮዎችን በዥረት መልቀቅ።

55
Key features of Cloud Computing
Resources

Resource pooling

On-demand service

Large network access

Measured services

Easy maintenance

56
IssS vs. PaaS vs. Saas

57
User and provider of cloud
computing

58
Architecture

59
 Benefits of Cloud Computing
for SME

• Agile, resilient and connected,

• Overcome the limitations of the physical office
• Empower their employees to work from anywhere,
at any time

60
 ለ SME የክላውድ ማስላት ጥቅሞች።
• ቀልጣፋ፣ ጠንካራ እና የተገናኘ፣
• የአካላዊ ቢሮ ገደቦችን ማሸነፍ
• ሰራተኞቻቸውን ከየትኛውም ቦታ ሆነው በማንኛውም ጊዜ
እንዲሰሩ ማበረታታት።

61
 Activity Six

How SME can leverage cloud computing

benefits?

Is it time for cloud computing in Ethiopia?

62
 Section Five

Email and Social medias

 Email
How Email appears to Works

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 Email Protocols
There are two main protocols, POP3 and IMAP.
POP
• This piece of software is used for retrieving email.
• Just like a visit to a post office you can drop in, pick up your
mail and leave.
IMAP
• IMAP clients have two-way communication with their servers.
• The IMAP protocol saves a copy of every message on the
server
• IMAP has an offline mode where any changes are synced with
the server the next time you’re online.

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 የኢሜል ፕሮቶኮሎች
• ሁለት ዋና ፕሮቶኮሎች አሉ POP3 እና IMAP።
• ፖፕ
• ይህ ሶፍትዌር ኢሜይል ለማውጣት ይጠቅማል።
• ልክ ወደ ፖስታ ቤት መጎብኘት ይችላሉ, ደብዳቤዎን ይውሰዱ እና ይውጡ.
• IMAP
• የIMAP ደንበኞች ከአገልጋዮቻቸው ጋር የሁለት መንገድ ግንኙነት
አላቸው።
• የIMAP ፕሮቶኮል በአገልጋዩ ላይ ያለውን የእያንዳንዱን መልእክት ቅጂ
ያስቀምጣል።
• IMAP በመስመር ላይ በሚሆኑበት በሚቀጥለው ጊዜ ማናቸውም ለውጦች
ከአገልጋዩ ጋር የሚመሳሰሉበት ከመስመር ውጭ ሁነታ አለው።

66
 የኢሜል ፕሮቶኮሎች
• በበይነመረቡ ላይ ኢሜል ለመቀበል በብዛት ጥቅም ላይ
የሚውለው ፕሮቶኮል ነው። (POP3)
• መደበኛ የኢሜይል መልሶ ማግኛ (መጪ) ፕሮቶኮል ነው።
የኢሜል መልዕክቶችን በፖስታ አገልጋይ ላይ ያከማቻል
እና ተቀባዩ በአገር ውስጥ በመሳሪያቸው (ዎች) ላይ
እንደተከማቹ እንዲያያቸው እና እንዲጠቀምባቸው
ያስችላቸዋል። (IMAP)

67
 Identify Correct Email Etiquette
The most essential rules and protocols you need to know are: -
1. Include a clear, direct subject line.
2. Use a professional email address.
3. Think twice before hitting Reply All.
4. Include a signature block.
5. Use professional salutations.
6. Be cautious with humour.
7. Know that people from different cultures speak and write differently.
8. Reply to your emails--even if the email wasn't intended for you.
9. Proofread every message.
10. Add the email address last.
11. Double-check that you've selected the correct recipient.
12. Keep tabs on your tone.
13. Nothing is confidential--so write accordingly.
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 ትክክለኛ የኢሜል ሥነ-ምግባርን መለየት።
ማወቅ ያለብዎት በጣም አስፈላጊ ህጎች እና ፕሮቶኮሎች፡ -
1. ግልጽ፣ ቀጥተኛ የርእሰ ጉዳይ መስመርን ያካትቱ።
2. የባለሙያ ኢሜይል አድራሻ ይጠቀሙ።
3. ሁሉንም ምላሽ ከመምታትዎ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ያስቡ።
4. የፊርማ እገዳን ያካትቱ።
5. ሙያዊ ሰላምታዎችን ይጠቀሙ.
6. በቀልድ ተጠንቀቁ።
7. ከተለያዩ ባህሎች የመጡ ሰዎች በተለየ መንገድ እንደሚናገሩ እና እንደሚጽፉ ይወቁ።
8. ለኢሜይሎችዎ ምላሽ ይስጡ - ኢሜይሉ ለእርስዎ የታሰበ ባይሆንም እንኳ።
9. እያንዳንዱን መልእክት ያረጋግጡ።
10. የኢሜል አድራሻውን በመጨረሻ ያክሉ።
11. ትክክለኛውን ተቀባይ እንደመረጡ ድርብ ያረጋግጡ።
12. ቃናዎን ይከታተሉ።
13. ምንም ሚስጥራዊ አይደለም - ስለዚህ በዚህ መሠረት ይፃፉ።
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 Key fundamental features of an
online community

1. The Activity Feed

2. Contributions
3. Content
4. Discovery and Browsing
5. Identity and Social Connections (Profiles and Groups)
6. Involvement with Other Networks and the Larger Web
7. Simplicity

70
 Blog
What is Blog?
• A blog is an online platform or website where individuals or
businesses regularly publish written long-form content, known
as posts, on various topics.
• ብሎግ ግለሰቦች ወይም ንግዶች በተለያዩ ርዕሰ ጉዳዮች ላይ ልጥፎች
በመባል የሚታወቁትን ረጅም ቅጽ ያላቸውን ይዘቶች በመደበኛነት
የሚያትሙበት የመስመር ላይ መድረክ ወይም ድር ጣቢያ ነው።
• Posts are typically displayed in reverse chronological order
so that the most recent post appears first.
• ልጥፎች በተለምዶ በተገላቢጦሽ በጊዜ ቅደም ተከተል ይታያሉ ስለዚህም በጣም የቅርብ ጊዜ
ልጥፍ መጀመሪያ ላይ ይታያል።
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 Why you should blog?
Here are top 8 great reasons for starting a blog:

1. allow you to introduce keywords, great for SEO

2. allow you to update your content regularly

3. allow you to develop a personality for your brand

4. give you a voice to inform your customers and peers

5. make you think outside the box and review your local
neighbourhood
6. encourage third party links
7. drive traffic you wouldn’t otherwise get

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 ለምን ብሎግ ማድረግ አለብህ?
ብሎግ ለመጀመር ከፍተኛ 8 ምርጥ ምክንያቶች እዚህ አሉ፡-
1. ቁልፍ ቃላትን እንድታስተዋውቅ ፍቀድልህ፣ ለ SEO ምርጥ።
2. ይዘትዎን በመደበኛነት እንዲያዘምኑ ያስችሉዎታል።
3. ለብራንድዎ ስብዕና እንዲያዳብሩ ያስችሉዎታል።
4. ለደንበኞችዎ እና ለእኩዮችዎ ለማሳወቅ ድምጽ ይስጡዎት።
5. ከሳጥኑ ውጭ እንዲያስቡ እና የአካባቢዎን ሰፈር እንዲገመግሙ
ያድርጉ።
6. የሶስተኛ ወገን ግንኙነቶችን ማበረታታት
7. በሌላ መንገድ የማያገኙትን ትራፊክ ያሽከረክሩ።

73
 How to start a blog

• Choose a blogging platform. Use a platform that offers

customizable templates.
• Pick a hosting platform. ...
• Find the right niche. ...
• Select a blog name and domain. ...
• Set up and design your blog. ...
• Brainstorm blog topics. ...
• Write your first blog post. ...
• Create an editorial calendar.
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 ብሎግ እንዴት እንደሚጀምር።
• የብሎግ መድረክ ይምረጡ። ሊበጁ የሚችሉ አብነቶችን
የሚያቀርብ መድረክ ይጠቀሙ።
• የማስተናገጃ መድረክን ይምረጡ። ...
• ትክክለኛውን ቦታ ያግኙ። ...
• የብሎግ ስም እና ጎራ ይምረጡ። ...
• ብሎግዎን ያዘጋጁ እና ዲዛይን ያድርጉ። ...
• የአንጎል አውሎ ነፋስ ብሎግ ርዕሶች. ...
• የመጀመሪያውን ብሎግ ልጥፍዎን ይፃፉ። ...
• የአርትኦት የቀን መቁጠሪያ ይፍጠሩ።
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 Social medias
What do you use?

Professional Social
Vs

76
 Choosing the right social media platform
for your business

Who is your target audience? How and where can you reach them? What are your business goals?
77
78
 Benefits of social media for business
Social media can help your business to:
• attract customers, get customer feedback and build customer
loyalty
• increase your market reach, including international markets
• increase revenue by building customer networks and
advertising
• exchange ideas to improve the way you do business
• increase traffic to your website and improve its search engine
ranking
• keep an eye on your competitors.
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 ለንግድ የማህበራዊ ሚዲያ ጥቅሞች።
• ማህበራዊ ሚዲያ ንግድዎን ሊረዳዎት ይችላል፡-
• ደንበኞችን ይስቡ፣ የደንበኛ አስተያየት ያግኙ እና የደንበኛ
ታማኝነትን ይገንቡ።
• ዓለም አቀፍ ገበያዎችን ጨምሮ የገበያ ተደራሽነትዎን ያሳድጉ።
• የደንበኛ አውታረ መረቦችን እና ማስታወቂያዎችን በመገንባት
ገቢን ይጨምሩ።
• የንግድ ሥራዎን ለማሻሻል ሀሳቦችን መለዋወጥ።
• ወደ ድር ጣቢያዎ ትራፊክ ይጨምሩ እና የፍለጋ ሞተር ደረጃውን
ያሻሽሉ።
• ተፎካካሪዎትን ይከታተሉ።
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 Disadvantages of Social Media

• needing additional resources to manage your online presence

• social media is immediate and needs active daily monitoring
• you may get unwanted or inappropriate behaviour on your
social media site
• the risk of getting negative feedback, information leaks or
hacking
• the risk of having false or misleading claims made on your
social media (by your business or a customer).

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 የማህበራዊ ሚዲያ ጉዳቶች
• የእርስዎን የመስመር ላይ መገኘት ለማስተዳደር ተጨማሪ
ግብዓቶችን ይፈልጋል።
• ማህበራዊ ሚዲያ ወዲያውኑ ነው እና ንቁ ዕለታዊ ክትትል
ያስፈልገዋል።
• በማህበራዊ ሚዲያ ድረ-ገጽዎ ላይ ያልተፈለገ ወይም ተገቢ
ያልሆነ ባህሪ ሊያገኙ ይችላሉ።
• አሉታዊ ግብረመልስ፣ የመረጃ ፍንጣቂዎች ወይም የጠለፋ አደጋ።
• በማህበራዊ ሚዲያዎ (በእርስዎ ንግድ ወይም ደንበኛ) ላይ የውሸት
ወይም አሳሳች የይገባኛል ጥያቄዎች የመቅረብ አደጋ።

82
 Resume maker and jobs search website

Canva Nilejobs.com
Indeed Ethiojobs.com
Cvmaker Employeethiopia.com
indeedcvmaker Ezegajobs.com
Linkedin
Indeed

83
 Section Six

Information System Security:

Safeguarding Valuable Data in the
Digital Age
 Information System Security

• The practice of protecting information by mitigating

information risks.
• Implementing measures to prevent unauthorized access,
use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction of
information.
• The threats are:
• Malware (viruses, worms, ransomware)
• Social engineering (phishing, pretexting)
• Insider threats
• Denial of Service (DoS) attacks
• Data breaches

85
 የመረጃ ስርዓት ደህንነት
• የመረጃ አደጋዎችን በመቀነስ መረጃን የመጠበቅ ልምድ.
• ያልተፈቀደ መዳረሻ፣ አጠቃቀም፣ ይፋ ማድረግ፣ መስተጓጎል፣
ማሻሻያ ወይም መረጃ መጥፋትን ለመከላከል እርምጃዎችን
መተግበር።
• ዛቻዎቹ፡-
• ማልዌር (ቫይረሶች፣ ትሎች፣ ራንሰምዌር)።
• ማህበራዊ ምህንድስና (አሳ ማጥመድ, ማስመሰል)
• የውስጥ ማስፈራሪያዎች።
• የአገልግሎት መከልከል (DoS) ጥቃቶች።
• የውሂብ ጥሰቶች
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 Principles of IIS

Ensuring that information is accessible only to

authorized individuals.

Maintaining the accuracy, consistency, and

trustworthiness of information.

Ensuring that information is accessible and

usable when needed.

Preventing individuals from denying their

actions or transactions.

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 የየበይነመረብ መረጃ አገልግሎት መርሆዎች
 ምስጢራዊነት- መረጃው ለተፈቀደላቸው ግለሰቦች ብቻ
ተደራሽ መሆኑን ማረጋገጥ።
• ታማኝነት -የመረጃን ትክክለኛነት፣ ወጥነት እና
ታማኝነት መጠበቅ።
• ተገኝነት -አስፈላጊ ሆኖ ሲገኝ መረጃው ተደራሽ እና
ጥቅም ላይ የሚውል መሆኑን ማረጋገጥ።
• የመቋቋም ችሎታ-ግለሰቦች ድርጊቶቻቸውን ወይም
ግብይቶቻቸውን እንዳይክዱ መከልከል።

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 IIS Measures

• Passwords
Access • Biometrics
control

• Protecting data in transit and at rest

Encrypti
on

• Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems

HW SW

• Regular security audits and vulnerability

Audit

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 IIS መለኪያዎች
• የመዳረሻ መቆጣጠሪያ የይለፍ ቃሎች
ባዮሜትሪክስ

በመጓጓዣ እና በእረፍት ጊዜ መረጃን

ምስጠራ
መጠበቅ

ፋየርዎል እና ጣልቃ-ገብ ማወቂያ ስርዓቶች

HW SW

መደበኛ የደህንነት ኦዲት እና ተጋላጭነት።

ኦዲት

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 Emerging Trends in IIS
በ IIS ውስጥ ብቅ ያሉ አዝማሚያዎች።

Cloud security

IoT security

AI in security

Blockchain for secure transactions

ለአስተማማኝ ግብይቶች Blockchain።

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 Cybersecurity
• Cybersecurity is crucial in today's digital age to protect sensitive
information and prevent security breaches.
• Cyber threats are becoming more sophisticated and can have
severe consequences for businesses.
• Implementing robust cybersecurity measures is essential to
safeguard data, maintain customer trust, and mitigate financial and
reputational risks.

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 የሳይበር ደህንነት.
• ሚስጥራዊ መረጃዎችን ለመጠበቅ እና የደህንነት
ጥሰቶችን ለመከላከል የሳይበር ደህንነት ዛሬ በዲጂታል
ዘመን ወሳኝ ነው።
• የሳይበር ስጋቶች ይበልጥ የተራቀቁ እና ለንግድ
ድርጅቶች ከባድ መዘዝ ሊያስከትሉ ይችላሉ።
• መረጃን ለመጠበቅ፣ የደንበኞችን እምነት ለመጠበቅ እና
የገንዘብ እና መልካም ስም አደጋዎችን ለመቀነስ ጠንካራ
የሳይበር ደህንነት እርምጃዎችን መተግበር አስፈላጊ
ነው።
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 Best Practices for Cybersecurity

ደህንነቱ መደበኛ ዝመናዎች

የተጠበቀ የርቀት እና ጥገናዎች።
መዳረሻ።
Secure Remote
Strong Passwords Regular Updates
Access and Patches

Third-Party Risk Incident

Management Response Plan

የሶስተኛ ወገን ስጋት አስተዳደር የአደጋ ምላሽ እቅድ።

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 Digital literacy resources for trainers

• http://digitallearn.org
Digital literacy resources for students and educators

• http://www.maine.gov/msl/libs/btop/index.shtml
BTOP resources at the MSL website

• http://www.digitalliteracyassessment.org/
Online resource for assessing digital literacy skills

• http://www.everyoneon.org/content/tell-us-about-your-training-sites
Form to complete for your library’s EveryoneOn campaign

• http://www.ala.org/offices/oitp
ALA’s digital literacy branch
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 Final Activates
Form a group and select one topic among the following,
then discuses on it for 30 minutes and come up with
maximum 10 minute presentation.
1. How can cloud computing benefit for xxx business in Ethiopia.
2. Propos effective strategies to promote your business on social
media?
3. Propose five most effective ecommerce business in Ethiopia,
indicate the opportunity and traits associated with each.
4. Provide examples of different ecommerce business models?
5. What digital and cybersecurity methods would you recommend
adopting for your business?
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