By :- KENYUM NOMUK
ANATOMY OF EYELID
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THOMAS MURTEM
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GROSS
ANATOMY
GROSS Parts – Each eyelid is divided by a horizontal
furrow into orbital and tarsal part.
ANATOMY Position – When eye is open, upper lid covers
about one-sixth of cornea and lower lid just
touches the limbus.
Canthi – Two lids meet each other at medial and
lateral angles.
Palpebral aperture – It is the elliptical space
between upper and lower lid.
Lid margin – It is about 2mm broad and is
divided into two parts by the punctum.
Medial lacrimal portion – Rounded and devoid
of lashes or glands.
GROSS
ANATOMY Lateral ciliary portion – Consists of a
rounded anterior border, a sharp posterior
border and an intermarginal strip
Gray line –
Also known as intermarginal sulcus,
represents underlying muscle Riolan just
anterior to tarsal plate
STRUCTUR
E
STRUCTURE • From Anterior to Posterior
1. Skin
2. Subcutaneous areolar tissue
3. Layer of striated muscle
4. Sub muscular areolar tissue
5. Fibrous plate
6. Layer of non – striated muscle
fibres
7. Conjuctiva
1. Skin –
• Elastic
• Haves a fine texture
• Thinnest in the body
2. Subcutaneous areolar tissue –
• Very loose connective tissue
• Contains no fat
3. Layer of striated muscle – Consists of
• Orbicularis muscle
Forms oval sheet across eyelids
Closes eyelids
Supplied by zygomatic branch of Facial nerve
Three parts – Orbital, Preseptal part , Pretarsal part
Orbicularis part encircles orbital margin
Preseptal part lies anterior to septum orbitale and is loosely attached to it.
Pretarsal is adhered firmly to the tarsus
• Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Present in upper eyelid only
It raises the upper lid
It is supplied by branch of oculomotor nerve
4. Submuscular areolar tissue –
• Layer of loose connective tissue
• Nerves and vessels lie in this layer
5. Fibrous layer – Framework of lids and consists of two parts
• Central tarsal plate
Two plates of dense connective tissue
One for each lid which gives shape and firmness to the lids
• Peripheral septum orbitale
It is a thin membrane of connective tissue attached centrally to the tarsal
plates and peripherally to periosteum of orbital margin
6. Layer of non – striated muscle fibres
• Consists of palpebral muscle of Muller which lies deep to the septum
orbitale in both the lids.
• It is supplied by sympathetic fibres and its paralysis lead to Horner
syndrome
7. Conjunctiva
• Part which lines the lids is called palpebral conjunctiva
• Consists of three parts
Marginal
Tarsal
Orbital
GLANDS OF EYELIDS
1.Meibomian glands:
• These are also known as tarsal glands and are present in the stroma of
tarsal plate arranged vertically.
• They are about 30-40 in the upper lid and 20-30 in the lower lid.
• They are modified sebaceous glands and their ducts open at the lid
margin.
• Their secretion constitutes the oily layer of tear film.
2.Glands of Zeis:
• These are also sebaceous glands which open into the follicles of eyelashes.
• Secretions constitute the oily layer of tear film.
3.Glands of Moll:
• These are modified sweat glands situated near the hair follicle.
• They open into the hair follicles or into the ducts of Zeis glands.
• They do not open directly onto the skin surface as elsewhere.
• Secretions constitute of oily layer of tear film.
4.Accessory lacrimal glands of Wolfring:
• These are present near the upper border of the tarsal plate.
• Their secretions constitute the aqueous layer of tear film.
BLOOD SUPPLY OF EYELIDS
1.Arterial supply:
• A network of vessels derived from two major sources, the internal and the
external carotid arteries, richly vascularizes the eyelids.
• The medial and lateral palpebral arteries form marginal arterial arcades
while in the submuscular plane in front of the tarsal plate , 2 mm away
from the lid margin, in the the upper lid and about 4 mm away in the lower
lid.
• In the upper lid,another arcade , superior arterial arcade is formed which
lies near the upper border of the tarsal plate.
• Branches go forward and backward from these arches to supply various
structures.
2.Venous drainage:
These are arranged into two plexuses-
i.Post- tarsal plexus draining into the ophthalmic veins.
ii.Pre- tarsal plexus opening into the subcutaneous veins
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
• These are arranged into two sets:
the pre-tarsal and the post-tarsal.
• Those from the lateral half of the
lids drain into preauricular lymph
nodes and those from the medial
half of eyelids drain into
submandibular lymph nodes.
NERVE SUPPLY
• Motor nerves- are facial ( which supplies orbicularis
muscle),oculomotor(which supplies Levator palpebrae superioris muscle) and
sympathetic fibres( which supply the Muller’s muscle)
• Sensory nerves- supply is derived from the branches of the trigeminal
nerve such as lacrimal , supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves for upper lid;
and the infraorbital nerve with infratrochlear branch for lower lid.
FUNCTIONS OF EYELID:
• Protects the eye from injury.Reflex closure of the lids ccurs when the
conjunctiva, cornea or eyelashes are touched, which is called the conjunctival
or corneal reflex.
• Help in spreading tears and meibomian gland’s secretions over the cornea
which prevents drying of the cornea and conjunctiva.
• Regulates light entering the eye.
• Help in drainage of tears by lacrimal pump system.
• Blinking action removes debris and irritants from the surface of the eye.
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