Noise Analysis
Electrical Noise:
Electrical noise is defined as any unwanted electrical energy.
In audio signal generally 0-15 KHz unwanted audio signal is treated as noise.
Noise
Correlated Noise Uncorrelated Noise
Harmonics Inter modulation
Distortion Distortion External Noise Internal
Noise
Atmosphere Solar Man-made Thermal
Other
noise noise noise noise
Thermal Noise:
Thermal noise create due to random motion of free electron within a conductor which cause a
thermal agitation
N=KTB; where,
N= Noise power in watt
T= Absolute temperature in kelvin
B= Band width
K= Boltzman’s constant ( J/kelvin)
Math
Example1:
If the room for a audio amplifier the room temperature is The band with of audio signal is
5kHz. What will be the thermal noise power in watt and dBm?
Solution: Here,
B=5kHz
we know, =5
N=KTB
= T= 273+27
=w =300k
N=10 log
= 10 log
= -136.84 dBm (ans)
Noise Voltge
From MPT Theory
if
Output noise power, = = = N = KTB
Noise voltage
White Noise:
The Noise in which the Noise Power is Same for all frequencies is called White Noise.
Fig: Probable Spectrum Density (PSD)
Example:02
For an electron device operating at a temperature with a bandwidth of 10KHz, determine
1. Thermal noise power in watt and dBm
2. Determine rms noise voltage for a 100ohm internal and 100ohm load.
Solution:
i,
N=KTB Here,
= k= 290k
=w B= 10
N= 10 log 100ohm
= -133.98 dBm k=
ii, =
=
= 1.26 Volt
Signal to Noise power Ratio (SNR)
we know,
SNR= =
where, signal power in watt
Noise power in watt
Higher the SNR that means Lower Noise Power and Higher Signal Power is better for
Communication. Our Expectation is Zero Noise Power that means infinite SNR.
SNR(dB)= 10 log
SNR in voltage:
( = 10 log = 10 log = 10 log ()^2 = 20 log () dB
where, = signal voltage in volt
Related Problems
1. If for a AM Radio Receiver the input signal power is 1Watt and input noise power
is 1mW
find the input SNR normal unit and in dB .
2. If for a FM Radio Receiver the input signal power is 1Watt and input noise power is
30mW find the input SNR normal unit and in dB .
3. If for a TV Receiver the input signal voltage is 10 Volt and input noise voltage is .01
Volt
find the input SNR in dB .
Noise Factor and Noise Figure
Noise Factor,F =
Noise Figure = 10 log F
signal+ Noise Amplifier Amplifier signal+ Noise
SNR in SNR out
Ideal amplifier
Non ideal amplifier With where,
= Amplifier power gain
=internal noise of Amplifier
Output
Exampole03:
For an ideal amplifier the input signal power = watt ,input noise power = watt and Gain of
the amplifier is 1000
Determine; i, Input SNR in dB
ii, Output SNR in dB
iii, Noise factor and noise figure
Exampole04:
For a non ideal amplifier the following parameter input signal power = watt
input noise power = watt, power gain of amplifier 10lakh internal noise of the amplifier
= watt
Determine; i, Input SNR in dB
ii, Output SNR in dB
iii, Noise factor and noise figure
Exampole04:
For a non ideal amplifier the following parameter input signal power = watt
input noise power = watt, power gain of amplifier 10lakh internal noise of the amplifier
= watt
Determine; i, Input SNR in dB
ii, Output SNR in dB
iii, Noise factor and noise figure
Solution:
I. SNR input = = = 100000000
SNR(dB) = 10 log (1000000000)
= 80 dB
ii,
A = 1000000
=2
= A= 1000000
=
SNR(out)= 25000000
SNR(dB)= 10log (25000000)
= 74dB
iii, Noise factor= = 4
and Noise figure, F= 10log F
= 10log (4)
= 6 dB ans.
