COMPUTER SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
BY Tanvi Saraff
Class-9A
COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Computer System Architecture refers to
the structure and organization of a
computer system, including its
hardware components and how they
interact with each other.
Understanding computer system
architecture is crucial for designing
efficient and reliable computer systems.
Components of Computer System Architecture
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the
brain of the computer that performs calculations
and executes instructions.
Memory (RAM): RAM (Random Access Memory)
stores data and instructions that the CPU needs
for immediate access.
Input/Output (I/O) Devices: I/O devices, such as
keyboards, mice, and printers, allow users to
interact with the computer and exchange data
with external devices.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Control Unit: The control unit coordinates and controls
the operations of the CPU by fetching, decoding, and
executing instructions.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The ALU performs
mathematical operations (arithmetic) and logical
operations (comparison, decision-making) on data.
Registers: Registers are small, high-speed memory
units inside the CPU used to store and manipulate
data during processing.
Instruction Execution Cycle: The instruction execution
cycle represents the sequence of steps involved in
fetching, decoding, executing, and storing instructions .
Memory (RAM)
Types of Memory: Different types of memory include cache,
RAM (Random Access Memory), and ROM (Read-Only Memory),
each serving different purposes in the computer system.
Memory Hierarchy: Memory hierarchy refers to the
organization of different memory levels, ranging from fast but
expensive cache memory to slower but more extensive main
memory (RAM) and permanent storage (hard drives).
Memory Management: Memory management techniques
ensure efficient allocation, utilization, and sharing of memory
resources among various processes and applications.
Input/Output Devices
Types of I/O Devices: I/O devices encompass a wide range of
peripherals, including keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and
network adapters, enabling users to input and output data.
I/O Interfaces: I/O interfaces connect the computer system to
external devices, providing the necessary communication channels
and protocols for data exchange.
I/O Communication Methods: Polling, interrupts, and direct memory
access (DMA) are methods used for managing communication
between the CPU and I/O devices.
THANK YOU
