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Autotransformer

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tayyaba nawaz
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31 views20 pages

Autotransformer

Uploaded by

tayyaba nawaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Autotransformer

Presented By
Tayyaba Nawaz
Fareeha Iqbal
Wajid
Autotransformer

• Introduction
An autotransformer is a type of electrical transformer that
utilizes a single winding for both primary and secondary
circuits. It's a simple yet powerful design that plays a critical
role in various electrical systems.
• Simplified Design
Autotransformers are known for their simplicity, requiring only a
single winding compared to the dual windings of traditional
transformers.
• Cost-Effectiveness
The single winding design often results in reduced material
usage, leading to lower manufacturing costs.
Autotransformer
Construction

the copper wire is wound on a laminated silicon steel core, with at least
three tapping taken out.
the primary and secondary windings are linked together both electrically
and magnetically.
It consists of a single copper wire which is common to both primary and
secondary coil.
Secondary and primary circuit share the same neutral point of the winding.
 it changes the voltage by small amount thus a single winding is used to
reduce the expense of constructing two windings of approximately same
number of turns.
C o n s tru c tio n

Variable turns ratio at secondary can be obtained by


tapping of the windings, or by providing a smooth sliding
brush over the winding.
The main advantage of this type of transformer design is
that it can be made a lot cheaper for the same VA rating.
Types of Autotransformer
Variable Autotransformer (Variac)
L 1,L2,L3 Live

N Neutral

N1,N₂,N3 Number of
turns in
secondary coil

Np Number of
turns in
primary
coil

Vs1,Vs2,Vs3 Voltage across


secondary
coil
Variable Autotransformer
Types of Autotransformer
Principle of Operation
o The primary voltage is applied across two of the terminals,
and the secondary voltage taken from two terminals, almost
always having one terminal in common with the primary
voltage.
o The primary and secondary circuits therefore have a
number of windings turns in common. Since the volts-per-
turn is the same in both windings, each develops a voltage
in proportion to its number of turns.
o In an autotransformer part of the current flows directly
from the input to the output, and only part is transferred
inductively, allowing a smaller, lighter, cheaper core to be
used as well as requiring only a single winding.
Principle of operation

A transformer in which Np>Ns is called a step down transformer.


A step down transformer is a transformer which converts high
alternating voltage to low alternating voltage.
• A transformer in which Ns>Np is called a step up transformer. A
step up transformer is a transformer which converts low alternative
voltage to high alternative voltage.
From the diagram the following equation
can be deduced:

• When the primary current IP is flowing through the single winding in the direction of
the arrow as shown, the secondary current, IS, flows in the opposite direction.
Therefore, in the portion of the winding that generates the secondary voltage, V S the
current flowing out of the winding is the difference of I P and IS.
Application
Autotransformers are used to compensate for voltage drops in
transmission and distribution lines. When used for this purpose,
they are known as booster transformers.
Autotransformers are used for reducing the voltage supplied to
a.c motors during the starting period.
Autotransformers are used for continuously variable supply.
On long rural power distribution lines, special autotransformers
with automatic tap-changing equipment are inserted as voltage
regulators, so that customers at the far end of the line receive the
same average voltage as those closer to the source. The variable
ratio of the autotransformer compensates for the voltage drop
along the line.
Advantages

• Autotransformers are more efficient compared to


conventional transformers as they have fewer windings.

• They are compact and lightweight, making them suitable for


applications where space is limited.

• Autotransformers provide a smooth and continuous voltage


regulation due to the variable voltage ratio.
Disadvantages
• Autotransformers do not provide electrical isolation between
the primary and secondary windings.

• Faults in the winding can lead to a direct short circuit


between the primary and secondary sides.

• The voltage across the common terminal and one of the


additional terminals is limited to the voltage rating of the
winding
Comparing autotransformer with two winding
transformer
Autotransformer Two winding transformer
-one single winding is used as primary winding -two different windings are used for primary
as well as secondary winding and secondary purpose.

-the output voltage for a given constant input -the output voltage can be varied only by
voltage can be varied from zero to the varying the input voltage or by tap changing
maximum level by simply varying the number
of secondary turns
-energy transfer occurs by both conduction and -energy transfer is only through induction.
induction.

-is more efficient and economical than its two -less efficient than auto transformers.
winding counterpart.

-Winding material requirement is less -winding material requirement is more.


-Load connected to the auto transformer is -load connected to the auto transformer is
electrically connected with the source. electrically isolated from the source

-Wide range of voltage variation is possible -only a small variation of output voltage for a
given input voltage is possible.
Task Duration (Weeks) Start Date End Date
7.Gantt Chart
Literature Review 2 Week 1 Week 2

Simulation
Development 3 Week 3 Week 5

Implementation 3 Week 6 Week 8

Testing and Validation 2 Week 9 Week 10

Data Analysis 1 Week 11 Week 11

Report Writing 1 Week 12 Week 12


END

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