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ATOMIC MODELS

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19 views

ATOMIC MODELS

Uploaded by

Robert obispo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Atomic Theories
and Models
Democritus
● Democritus was a Greek
philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who
is the father of modern
atomic thought.
He proposed that matter
could NOT be divided into
smaller pieces forever.
● Democritus named the building
blocks of matter as atomos,
meaning “indivisible.”
The atomic model has changed over time ….

For over two centuries, scientists have


created different models of the atom.

As scientists have learned more and more


about atoms, the atomic model has changed.
Atomic Theory Timeline

JJ Thomson Neil Bohr

1904 1913
0 0 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5
1803 1911 1926
Ernest
John Dalton Schrodinger
Rutherford
John Dalton
● John Dalton created the very
first atomic theory.

Dalton viewed atoms as tiny,


solid balls.

● Dalton was an English


schoolteacher who performed
many experiments on atoms.
Dalton’s Atomic
Theory
● Atoms are tiny, invisible
particles.
● Atoms of one element are
all the same.
● Atoms of different elements
are different.
● Compounds form by
combining atoms.
Joseph John
● Thomson
J.J. Thomson discovered
electrons.
An atom was made up of
electrons scattered unevenly
within an elastic sphere
surrounded by a positive
charge to balance the
electron's charge.
● His model was known as Plum
Pudding Model.
Cathode Ray Tube Experiment
Ernest
● Rutherford
Rutherford replaced the plum pudding
model with a new model of the atom as
a core of positive charge in the nucleus
surrounded by negatively-charged
electrons. He concluded that the nucleus
was very small. This new model of the
atom was called the nuclear model.
He showed that atoms have (+)
particles in the center and are
mostly empty spaces.
● He called these (+) positive particles
protons and he called the center of
atoms the nucleus.
Gold Foil Experiment
Niels Bohr
● Niels Bohr adapted and
improved on Rutherford’s
model and known as the
planetary model.
He proposed that electrons
move around the nucleus in
specific layers or shells.
● Shells are also called energy
levels. Every atom has a
specific number of electron
shells.
Bohr’s Atomic Model
● The energy level is the region (orbit)
Ideas
around nucleus where electrons is
moving.
● Electrons can jump from one energy
level to another. You cannot find
electrons between energy levels or
shells.
● To move from one energy level to
another, they must gain or lose a
specific amount of energy.
● Energy is released when an electron
moves from a higher energy level to
a lower energy level..
● Energy is absorbed when electron
moves from a lower energy level to a
higher energy level.
James
●
Chadwick
He was awarded the Nobel
Prize in Physics in the year
1935.
Working with Rutherford, he
discovered particles with no
charge; these particles were
● He fired alpha
called radiation at
as neutrons
beryllium sheet from a
polonium source. This led to
the production of an
uncharged, penetrating
radiation.
Chadwick’s Experimental Set-up
Erwin
● Schrodinger
He used mathematical
equations to describe the
likelihood of finding an electron
in a certain position.
He theorized electrons move
in waves, and they have no
exact location.
● It became the basis of what
would come to be known as the
Electron Cloud (or Quantum
Mechanical) Model.
Modern Theory: Quantum Mechanical
Model
● Description of this model: The quantum
mechanical model is based on quantum theory,
which says matter also has properties
associated with waves.
● According to quantum theory, it’s impossible
to know the exact position and
momentum of an electron at the same
time. This is known as the Uncertainty
Principle.
● The quantum mechanical model of the atom is
based on probability rather than certainty.
Test Your Understanding
Match Column A with those items in column B.
Column A Column B
1. He believed that electrons move around the A. Schrodinger
nucleus at specific energy levels or orbits. B. Bohr
2. He said that atoms is consists of positively C. Dalton
charged material with negatively charged D. Thomson
electrons that are scattered like raisins in a E. Rutherford
plum pudding.
3. He believed that atom is composed a
central positive nucleus orbited negatively
charged electrons.
4. He described atom as a tiny, solid, and
empty sphere.
5. He is one of the proponents of Quantum
Mechanical Model which stated that electron
is viewed as a cloud of negative charge

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