Safe practice

THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE

WEB

The Internet
• The internet is the international network of connected
computers around the world.
• The internet allow devices to access and share
information stored online.
• The information can be transmitted over a wired or
wireless signal.
The World Wide Web (WWW)

• The world wide web was created by Tim Berners-

Lee in 1989.
• It is all shared pages of content stored on the
network.
• A web browser is used to access the content on
the www.
Uses of the Internet

• Sending and receiving emails

• Accessing the news
• Carrying out research.
• Online shopping
• Streaming music and video
• Online gaming
Spoof websites

• A spoof website is a website that contains untrue

information.
• It is also called a fake website.
• Spoof websites are created for fun and to
entertain.
• Some people post false news and information on
this website in order to spread lies and cause
trouble.
 How to spot a fake website

In order to spot a fake website, ask yourself the following

questions.
• Have you heard of the website?
• Does the website have a strange web address?
• Can you find the same information on a site you can
trust?
• Ask a family member, do they recognize the author?
 Respectful behavior online

• Don’t share passwords or personal details

• Never post or share unkind or false information.
• Don’t believe everything you see and read online.
• If you see content that worries you, report it to an adult.
 Presentation-Based projects

• Creating a presentation for a given brief

• A project brief gives information about the key requirements
of a project.
• The project brief includes:
• The topic of the presentation
• The main task to be carried out.
• The target audience.
• The form of the presentation.
 Factors to consider for target audience
when creating a presentation

Before creating a presentation, consider the following factors

about the audience.
• Their age
• Their interest
• Where they live
• Social factors such as family
• Economic factors such as their job
 Examples of presentation and their
target audience
• A presentation in school or college – Students
• A launch of technology products – Customers
• A presentation by a candidate at job interview - Employers
 Presentation Software features.

• Slide – This is a page of a presentation

• Layout – The arrangement of text and graphics on a slide.
• Animation – Effects used to make objects appear and disappear
on a slide.
• Transition – Animation used to move from one slide to another.
• Design theme – Pre designed styles that you can chose for the
background, text and colour of the slide show.
• Master slide – A layout used for several slides
 Factors to consider when creating a
presentation
• Space out the text, images and graphics.
• Use words and language that is appropriate to the target
audience.
• Choose one clear font and style and stick to it
throughout the presentation.
• Choose a design theme that appeals the target audience.
 Things to avoid when creating a
presentation
• Avoid filling each slide with too much text.
• Don’t use too many animation effects or transitions.
• Avoid low quality images that look blurred on the screen.
• Don’t link your presentation to videos and websites without
checking them first.
Creating a storyboard for a presentation

• A storyboard is a visual plan of a presentation or

other media project.
• A storyboard is created at the start of the project.
• A story board is drawn on a piece of paper.
• It shows a step by step sequence of the project and the
content on each slide.
 Advantages of a storyboard

• It saves time as it allows you to spot problems at an early

stage.
• It allows you to plan for the information to include on your
project.
• It doesn’t require a computer to create.
 Other uses of a storyboard

• Movie and animation planning.

• Video game designing
• Planning complex movie sequences on a computer
Features of a storyboard

A storyboard must include the following.

• The slide heading and tittle
• The text to include on each slide
• Sketches of images with their descriptions
• Ideas for graphical elements
• Timings – how long you will spend showing each
slide.
 Internet Research

• A search engine is a website designed to search other

websites according to the search terms.
• The search engine provides a list of websites that fits the
search terms.
• Keywords are used to provide the search terms.
• Keywords are words the user types in the search engine in
order to look for matching information.
What to consider when carrying out a
search
• Be specific as possible.
• Include additional words like dates and years to
narrow down the search.
• Look out for keywords with more than one
meaning. Eg Apple fruit and Apple company.
• Check the author of the web pages you are
searching from.
 Online copyright
• Copyright is the legal right of the owner of the original content
to use and distribute is.
• This content may include:
• Written work
• Photographs
• Music
• Video
• Animation
• Games
• Apps
 Saving content and recording sources

• You can save online content in the following ways:

• Using bookmark to record the website address.
• Copying text from the website and pasting it into a
presentation document.
• Copying images and saving them on the computer.
• Getting links to videos and the website
• It id good to credit the copyright owner of the content you
use. You can also list the sources at the end of the
presentation.
 Setting up a presentation
• When creating a new presentation, look for the following key
tools and features.
• Insert slide – Used to add a new page on your presentation.
• Layout or format – used to chose a template for positioning
text and images.
A template is a predesigned set of slides that content can be
quickly dropped into placeholders.
• Insert text – used to add text to a slide.
• Insert image/graphic – used to add saved images on the slide
or images from a website.
 Examples of Software used to create presentations

• Microsoft PowerPoint
• OpenOffice impress
Improving Work Based On Feedback And
Self Assessment

Look at the information you collected and consider these

questions.
• What element of your checklist did you fail to meet?
• What feedback did you get from your target audience?
• What do your classmate think of your work?
• Are there any other improvements you can think of?
 Adapting A Presentation For A New
Audience

• There are occasion where we need to adopt a

product or piece of work for the following reasons.
• A new target audience has been identified.
• A language used is no longer suitable.
• The image and music used are no longer suitable.
• The content is outdated.
• We need to include new technology
• User feedback suggested that we have new content.
 Changing the target audience

• Presentation can be successful is the target audience is you r

classmates. If you want to change your audience to parents or
guardians, you might make these changes.
1. You could use more complex language.
2. You could add more text with smaller font size.
3. Images could be updated and become more appropriate for the older group.
4. You might change the colours to subtle colours rather than bright colours.
5. Links to external websites could be changed to more complex detailed
content.
How to provide evidence of adopted
work

• List all the elements that you need to adapt such as text,
images, design and layout.
• Print and annotate your work, describing how you will change
the elements and why.
• Research and save the new content that you want to add.
• Save a copy of your original presentation with a new file name
so you can edit the slides with the changes you want.
 Copyright

• Copyright is the legal right of the owner of original content posted

online or published in any form of media.
• Copyright laws protects the content online.
The following terms can be used to refer to copyright.
1. Copyright free – This means that the content is not protected by
copyright because the content is not legally owned by anyone.
This content can be used without permission or without paying.
2. Royalty free – This means that you do not need to pay to use the
content but you need the license to use it.
 3. Creative commons

• Creative commons is a non profit organization that

allows creators of content to add license to their
work and how they will receive credit for it.
 When is it out of copyright

• Any piece of work can be out of copyright and becomes

part of public domain after its copyright expires.
• The copyright expires a certain number of years after the
creator passes away.
• UK, Europe and United States - 70 years
• Thailand – 50 years
• India – 60 years
• Saudi Arabia – 50 years
 Open source swoftware

• Open source software is designed to be free to use, edit

and distribute it.
• Examples of open source software.
• Office packages (Microsoft word, spread sheets and
presentation software)
• Graphics and photo editing software
• Video editing software
• 3-D model software
 Legal and illegal use of content

• There are laws related to computing technology that

guides the behavior or how people use these devices.
• Each country has its own legal rights that protects online
content.
• Example;
It is legal to… It is illegal to…
Watch movies and television programs Download movies and television
via well known, paid for streaming programmes, without paying, via
services. suspicious internet links.
Take you own photos and post them Search the internet for photos then post
online. them as your own.

Write, record and stream your own music Download music and add it to a video
for others to share. and create a new product.

Buy a new video game from a popular Buy a new video game on a copied disk
online shop. from an online auction.
 plagiarism

• Plagiarism means using someone else content without their

permission and saying the content is your own work.
• Examples of plagiarism include:
• Downloading a school essay or project and presenting it as your
own.
• Copying images and text from a website and using them to create
your own website.
• Copying a newspaper or magazine article online without crediting
the writer.
• Asking or paying someone else to write your own assignment.
 piracy

• Piracy is the illegal copying and distributing original media

such as movies, games and software.
• Piracy prevents future development of original work.
• It also prevents the creators from earning money from their
work.
 Peer to peer networks

• These are group of devices that are connected without a

need of a central storage area.
• Everyone on peer to peer network can easily share private
files and documents with everyone else.
• Peer to peer helps in collaborative online working and
online learning.
 Internet service provider (ISP)

• Internet service provider provides internet connection to

homes, school or place of work.
• The keywords you use to search in websites are recorded
by your ISP.
 The ISP use the keywords recorded to:

• Give details of common searches for illegal content

to law enforcement agencies.
• Alert the original copyright owners when their
content is illegally downloaded.
• Send out warning to users, asking them to use legal
content.
 Working safely in the cloud

• Cloud based computing is the remote storage of files,

documents and applications.
• Cloud based computing allows you to save everything on a
server that is connected to the internet.
• Files and documents saved on the cloud are accessible
anywhere as long as you are connected to the internet.
 Advantages of cloud based applications
• Users can collaborate on the same document at the same
time.
• Users can access files and applications from different
location.
• Users require less powerful devices to access files and
applications because they are accessed on a web browser.
 disadvantages

• Users might accidentally delete someone else’s work.

• Users cannot access their work without internet
connection.
• Users passwords and names can be guessed or hacked.
 Examples of cloud based office
platforms
• Google workspace.
• Google Drive
• Microsoft OneDrive
• iCloud
 Researching a newsletter

• A newsletter is a published document that contains

relevant information for a specific target audience.
• This audience could be employees of an organization such
as a school, business or a member of club.
 What to include on a newsletter

• Title and brief description of the newsletter.

• Articles and relevant images.
• Important upcoming dates or events.
• Text, images and graphics laid out in a column.
• Publication date and issue number
• Contact details so users can send feedback and
reviews.
 Using cloud based systems safely and
respectively
• Respect other users using the system.
• Think about the content you save or share. It should not
offend people.
• Do not share private or sensitive information,
• Set strong passwords and do not share them.
 Software to use to create a newsletter

• Word processing software – google Docs and Microsoft

word.
• Presentation software – google slides and Microsoft
PowerPoint.
• Website design software – Microsoft 365 sharepoint
 Finding appropriate content

• Make sure you have a clear topic for your newsletter.

• Choose a theme, layout and content that reflect your
topic.
• Read existing newsletters on the same topic and look
for any sources that are mentioned.
• Find appropriate text, images and other information
for your newsletter.
 Good practices when creating a
newsletter

• Write your original text. You may use online

sources for reference but do not plagiarize.
• Use original images and graphics where possible.
• If you use online sources, be aware of copyright
laws. Look for copyright free content.
• Give credit for any text or images sources you use.
 Credit
sources

Original
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Original
Text
 Crediting online sources

• For images, include the name of image library and the

photographer of the image.
• For extracts from news article, include the name of the
article, writers and the websites and the date published.
• For websites used for research, include the website
address and the date you accessed the site.
 Cloud based group project

• Cloud computing is ideal for group project as it allows

collaboration and peer assessment.
• This can be done in the following ways:
 Advantages of cloud based group
project

• All users can save their work in one online folder.

• All users can collaborate and edit same documents at the
same time.
• Users can set permission specifying who can view, edit or
delete documents.
• You can create folder structure so your documents are well
organized.
 Planning a checklist

• Read the project brief carefully.

• Make sure you know when the final deadline is.
• Identify members of the group.
• Break the project down into key tasks.
• Create a work schedule with tasks and deadlines.
• Assign tasks and deadlines to the members of the group.
• Choose the software you will use and make sure all group
members knows how to use it.
 Creating a work schedule

• A work schedule is a common way to record tasks and

deadlines and assign the tasks to different people in the
group.
• You can create a table in a spreadsheets as below.

Task Who will do How long do they When is it Notes

it? have? needed?

Research Images Adnan 60 minutes 12 May Use copyright

free image site.
 Updating a work schedule

• Record the following information.

• The actual amount of time that has been spent on each task.
• The person who has worked on each task.
• Whether your group has met all the deadlines.

• Add extra rows for new tasks that you identify during the project.
• Use the notes section to record useful information that could help
you with similar projects in future.
 Document layout

• When choosing appropriate layout for your document,

look for these designs.
• Page orientation: Choose portrait (long narrow) or landscape
(short wide).
• Margins: Set the size of the empty space between content area
and the edge of your document.
• Columns: You can choose to divide the page layout into two or
more vertical columns.
• Shapes: insert a rectangles as place holders in position
where you will place images later.
• Text boxes: Insert a text box in position where you will add
boxed text.
 Template

• A template is a document that contains the basic layout of

a document.
• If you are creating several editions of your newsletter, you
can reuse the same template to save time.
• A template usually contains the following:
• A layout of the document where text, textboxes
and images will go.
• Details of the font, alignment, colour and the style
choice.
• The position of key pieces of information such as
date, issue number.
Benefits of using a template

• Time saving. The layout doesn’t need to be

redesigned for using.
• Collaboration. Several people can contribute
content without worrying about the content.
• Consistency. Each edition follows the same
professional layout and style.
 Document page design
• Headers and Footers: They are used for
information that is repeated across pages with
similar layout.
• Headings and subheadings: These are used to
create page tittles.
• Subheadings are used to:
• Name short articles that appear under main headings.
• Provide additional information under the main heading.
 Page numbering

• They are used to add consecutive numbers to all pages.

• Page numbers can either be placed at the bottom, top or
side of a page.
• The front cover can be excluded from page numbers.
• Page numbers can start from any number.
Page breaks

• This is adding a new page before the natural end

of the page and the content is continued on the
next page.
Grouping

• This is combining multiple shapes and text boxes

to appear as one.
Reviewing and proofing a document

• It is good to carry out peer review of a piece of work

during development and when the work is
complete.
• Peer review can help you to identify:
• Spelling and grammatical errors.
• Layout problems such as images overlapping .
• Factual errors
• Poor quality images.
• If the publication is suitable for the audience.
 Who should peer re view?

• Individuals within the same group.

• One group can review another group’s work.
• Peers with no connection to the project.
 Proof reading

• Proof reading is the process of carefully reading and

studying a document to identify mistakes like sentences
that don’t read well or badly laid pages.
 Peer reviewing using cloud

• Every member of the group can review the same document

at the same time.
• Everyone can use a checklist to indicate the sections they
have reviewed.
• All members can add comments on a certain section that
has been reviewed.
 Review questions
1. Define the term template.
2. Identify three things that are included in planning a checklist.
3. What are the benefits of using a template. Name three.
4. Identify four factors that determine a good practice when creating a newsletter.
5. Using a table give an example of a work schedule.
6. Outline four things that peer review can help you identify when creating a newsletter.
7. Name three items that determine how the layout of a document should look like.
8. Name three individuals that can take part in peer review of a document.
9. What is proofreading and why is it necessary when creating a newsletter.
10. Name five items that must be included in a newsletter.
11. Differentiate between plagiarism and piracy.
12. Explain three ways in which we can give credit and evidence to adopted work.
13. What is the advantage of doing peer review over the cloud?
 Distributing digital images
• Distribution of documents can be done in
various ways.
• Attach a document to an email.
• Provide a document as a download from a website.
• Use file transfer website and provide the download
link.
• Attach the document to instant messaging system
such as WhatsApp.
• Provide the link to the document to a social media
 File compression

• File compression is the process of reducing the size of a

file, folder into a compressed file format.
• The compressed file needs to be decompressed in order to
read it.
Advantages of compression.
• Smaller documents can be sent and received
faster.
• Multiple files and folder can be included in one
compressed file.
• It is ideal for sending documents to locations with
slow internet connection.
 Disadvantages of file compression

• Errors can occur when decompressing the file.

• Viruses can be in the compressed files.
• It can be hard to decompress the file if the device
doesn’t have the right software.
Connectivity and the
internet
 Wired and wireless connection

• A wired connection is where a physical cable connects a

device to a router.
• The cable can be either copper wire or fiber optic cable.
• Wireless connection is where electromagnetic radio waves
transmit data between devices over a wireless media.
 Advantages of wireless connection

• Physical wires are not needed so users can connect from any
location within the broadcast area.
• User can connect from a comfortable position, which is ideal
for home internet use.
• Access can be controlled by passwords which is ideal for large
organizations.
• More users can be added on the network.
 Disadvantages of wireless network
connection
• Thick walls causes interference which weakens the signals.
• Wireless signals have a limited range, so user needs to stay
near the router.
• There is a danger of hackers trying to access the network
remotely.
• The network speed is generally slower leading to slower
download speed.
 Wireless network and encryption

• To prevent unauthorized access to a network, the network is

encrypted.
• This means that user need a password to connect and share
data.
• The Wi-Fi password is either set by the Internet Service
Provider (ISP) or specified on the router.
• This prevents hackers from accessing the network without
permission.
 Mobile internet access

• Mobile phones can connect to the internet through

radio communication mast.
• Mobile network allows internet access on the
move.
Advantages of mobile internet

• Apps such as gaming, streaming and maps can be used

on the move.
• It substitutes home broadband connections.
• Mobile internet can be shared with other devices by
creating a mobile hotspot.
• Mobile video conferencing is possible with 4G and 5G
devices.
Disadvantages of mobile internet

• It drains the device battery life quickly due to uploading

and downloading of data.
• Mobile internet can be expensive to purchase.
• It creates huge amount as people keep changing devices
for better mobile internet experience.
• There is peer pressure on young people and families to
have the latest smartphone.
 Wired connections
• Ethernet cables: These are cables constructed from
copper wires and they are most common in computer
networking.
• They use electricity to transmit data along the wire.
• Ethernet cables are also known as twisted pair cables.
 Fibre- optic cables

• These cables transmit data using light.

• The light signal transmit data in form of 1s and 0s from one
end to the other end of the cable.