CHAPTER - 03
DATA HANDLING
XI
Computer Science (083)
Board : CBSE
4.1 Unit 1:
Programming and Computational Thinking (PCT-1)
Courtesy CBSE
4.1 Unit I
Programming and Computational
Thinking (PCT-1)
(80 Theory + 70 Practical)
Prepared by
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg, PGDCA,ADCA,MCA.MSc(IT),Mtech(IT),MPhil (Comp. Sci)
Department of Computer Science, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Courtesy CBSE
CHAPTER - 03
DATA HANDLING
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Data can be of many types
e.g. character, string, integer, real etc.
Python like any other
language provides ways and facilities to
handle different types of data by
providing data types.
PYTHON DATA TYPES
PYTHON DATA TYPES
What is Data type?
DATA TYPES are means to identify
the type of data and associated
operations of handling it.
PYTHON DATA TYPES
Dictionary Integers
Floating
None Data
Point
Numbers
Types
List Complex
Numbers
Tuples Strings
NUMBERS
NUMBERS
The numbers can be represented
in the python as:
(i) Integers.
(ii) Floating point Numbers.
(iii) Complex Numbers.
(I) INTEGERS
(i) INTEGERS
Integers numbers are whole
numbers (without any fractional part).
For example: 123,-789 etc.
TYPES OF INTEGERS
There are two types of integers:
(i) Integers (Signed).
(ii) Booleans.
Types
Signed
Intege
rs
Bool
of eans
Integers
TYPES OF INTEGERS
(i) INTEGERS (SIGNED)
Integers can be of any
length. Its only limited by the memory
available.
It’s a signed representation,
i.e., the integers can be positive or
negative.
(ii) BOOLEANS
(ii) BOOLEANS
Boolean data types are the
truth values, i.e., True form or False
form.
Boolean data type is a one kind of
integer type they can be represented in
the integer form i.e., 0 and 1.
(ii) BOOLEANS
practically one can execute as
>>>bool(0)
will give result as false
>>>bool(true)
will produce 1 result.
str ( ) Function
str ( ) Function
str ( ) function coverts a value to
string type.
>>>str(false)
will give string type result ‘false’
>>>str(true)
will produce string type ‘true’
result.
(ii) FLOATING POINT NUMBERS
(ii) FLOATING POINT NUMBERS
A numbers containing
fractional part is called floating point
number.
for example: 93.452
Floating point numbers can be
written in two forms.
Note: Floating point numbers have
precision of 15 Digits( double precision)
in python.
(ii) FLOATING POINT NUMBERS
Fractional Exponent
Form Notation
Floating
Point
Numbers
Note: Floating point numbers have precision of
15 Digits( double precision) in python.
Advantages of Floating
Point Numbers
(ii) Advantages of Floating Point Numbers
1. They can represent range of
values between the integers.
2. They can represent a greater extent/
range of values.
Note: Floating point numbers have precision of
15 Digits( double precision) in python.
Disadvantages of Floating
Point Numbers
(ii) Disadvantages of Floating Point Numbers
Floating-point operations are
usually slower than integer operations.
Note: Floating point numbers have precision of
15 Digits( double precision) in python.
(iii) COMPLEX NUMBERS
(iii) COMPLEX NUMBERS
A complex number is
a number that can be expressed in the
form a + bi,
where,
a and b are real numbers, and
i is called an imaginary number.
For the complex number a + bi, a is
called the real part, and b is called
the imaginary part.
(iii) COMPLEX NUMBERS
(iii) COMPLEX NUMBERS
(iii) COMPLEX NUMBERS
(iii) COMPLEX NUMBERS
(iii) COMPLEX NUMBERS
COMPLEX NUMBERS IN PYTHON
COMPLEX NUMBERS IN PYTHON
complex number is made up of real and
imaginary parts.
Real part is a float number, and imaginary
part is any float number multiplied by
square root of -1 which is defined as j.
COMPLEX NUMBERS IN PYTHON
>>> no=5+6j
>>> no.real o/p 5.0
>>> no.imag o/p 6.0
>>> type(no)
<class 'complex'>
COMPLEX NUMBERS IN PYTHON
Python library also has complex()
function, which forms object from two
float arguments
>>> no=complex(5,6)
>>> no (5+6j)
>>> no.real o/p 5.0
>>> no.imag o/p 6.0
>>> type(no)
<class 'complex'>
Data Type Range
Data Type Range
Data Type Range
Integers Unlimited subject to
availability of memory
Booleans True ( 1 ), False ( 0 )
Floating Point Unlimited subject to
Numbers availability of memory
and depends on machine
architecture.
Complex Numbers Same as float type
UNICODE
What is UNICODE?
Unicode provides a unique
number for every character,
no matter what the platform,
no matter what the program,
no matter what the language.
UNICODE HISTORY
UNICODE HISTORY
The origins of Unicode date to
1987, when Joe Becker from Xerox with Lee
Collins and Mark Davis from Apple, started
investigating the practicalities of creating a
universal character set.
UNICODE HISTORY
With additional input from Peter
Fenwick and Dave Opstad, Joe Becker
published a draft proposal for an
"international/multilingual text character
encoding system in August 1988,
tentatively called Unicode". He explained
that the name 'Unicode' is intended to
suggest a unique, unified, universal
encoding".
UNICODE ADOPTION
UNICODE ADOPTION
It has been adopted by all
modern software providers and now allows
data to be transported through many
different platforms, devices and
applications without corruption.
operating systems, search engines,
browsers, laptops, and smart phones—plus
the Internet and World Wide Web (URLs,
HTML, XML, CSS, JSON, etc.) using unicode
UNICODE IMPLIMENTATION
UNICODE IMPLIMENTATION
Unicode can be
implemented by different character
encodings. The Unicode standard
defines UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32, and
several other encodings are in use. The
most commonly used encodings are UTF-8,
UTF-16 and UCS-2, a precursor of UTF-16.
STRINGS
STRINGS
Like many other popular
programming languages, strings in
Python are arrays of bytes representing
Unicode characters. However, Python does
not have a character data type, a single
character is simply a string with a length of
1. Square brackets can be used to access
elements of the string.
How to create a string in Python?
STRINGS
How to create a string in Python?
Strings can be created by enclosing
characters inside a single quote or double
quotes. Even triple quotes can be used in
Python but generally used to represent
multiline strings and docstrings.
REPRESENTATION OF STRING
REPRESENTATION OF STRING
>>> s = “Hello Python”
This is how Python would index the string:
Backward Indexing
Forward Indexing
STRINGS – Programming Example
STRINGS - Example
Output Next Slide...
STRINGS - Example
How to access characters in a string?
STRINGS
How to access characters in a string?
We can access individual characters
using indexing and a range of characters
using slicing. Index starts from 0. Trying to
access a character out of index range will
raise an IndexError. The index must be an
integer. We can't use float or other types,
this will result into TypeError.
STRINGS
How to access characters in a string?
Python allows negative indexing for
its sequences.
The index of -1 refers to the last item,
-2 to the second last item and so on. We
can access a range of items in a string by
using the slicing operator (colon).
STRINGS – Programming Example
STRINGS
STRINGS
SLICING STRINGS EXAMPLES
For example: >>>p = “Program”
>>>“Program”[3:5] >>>p [4:]
will result in: ‘ram’
‘gr ’
>>>p = “Program”
>>>p [3:6]
>>>“Program”[3:6] ‘gra’
will yield:
‘gra’
SLICING STRINGS EXAMPLES
For example:
>>>p = “Program”
>>>p [:4]
‘Prog’
Index Error!
STRINGS –Index error
MUTABLE AND IMMUTABLE OBJECTS
IN PYTHON
MUTABLE AND IMMUTABLE OBJECTS
What is Mutable Object?
In object-oriented programming
language , an immutable object is an object
whose state/ values can be modified after its
creation.
In short the an object / variable, for
which we can change the value is
called mutable object or mutable variable.
For example : Lists are mutable in nature.
MUTABLE AND IMMUTABLE OBJECTS
What is Immutable Object?
In object-oriented programming
language, an immutable object is an object
whose state/ values can not be modified after
it’s creation.
In short an object or a variable , for
which we can not change the value
is immutable object or immutable variable.
For example : Tupels are immutable in nature.
TUPLES
TUPLES
What is Tuples?
Lists and tuples can be thought of as
generic "buckets" with which to hold an
arbitrary number of arbitrary Python objects.
TUPLES
What is Tuples or Tuple?
Tuples are the type of data it is a sequence
of immutable Python objects. Tuples are
sequences, just like lists. The differences
between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot
be changed unlike lists and tuples use
parentheses, whereas lists use square brackets.
Creating a tuple is as simple as putting different
comma-separated values
EXAMPLES ON TUPLES
TUPLES EXAMPLE
DEFINING TUPLES WITHOUT ( )
TUPLES EXAMPLE
DEFINING TUPLES WITH ( )
TUPLES EXAMPLE – Accessing individual
elements using index number in [ ]
LISTS
LISTS
A list is a data type that can be used to store
any type and number of variables and information.
Lists are mutable in nature.
General format of list is :
my_list = [item_1, item_2, item_3]
Python also allows creation of an empty list:
my_list = []
For Example
colors = ["Orange" , "red" , "Green" , "White“]
LISTS EXAMPLE
LISTS
Note: Lists are mutable in nature.
PRECEDENCE OF AN OPERATORS
PRECEDENCE OF AN OPERATOR
Operator Description
** Exponentiation (raise to the
power)
~+- Complement, unary plus and
minus (method names for the last
two are +@ and -@)
* / % // Multiply, divide, modulo and floor
division
PRECEDENCE OF AN OPERATOR
Operator Description
+- Addition and subtraction
>> << Right and left bitwise shift
& Bitwise 'AND'td>
^| Bitwise exclusive `OR' and regular
`OR'
<= < > >= Comparison operators
<> == != Equality operators
PRECEDENCE OF AN OPERATOR
Operator Description
= %= /= //= Assignment operators
-= += *= **=
is is not Identity operators
in not in Membership operators
not or and Logical operators
EXAMPLE ON
PRECEDENCE OF AN OPERATOR
PRECEDENCE OF OPERATOR EXAMPLE
PRECEDENCE OF OPERATOR EXAMPLE
Any Questions Please
THANK YOU
