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Lecture 1 Physics

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Lecture 1 Physics

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traderansari181
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Applied Physics

By
Dr.Mustansar Hayat Saggu
Applied Physics (GS-102)

• Contact Hours: Credit Hours:


• Theory =2.0
------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------
At the end of this chapter, we will…
1. Understand the unit of measurement its
and
applications
2. Learn on how to use the prefixes
3. Solve the problems regarding the unit
conversion
Applied Physics
Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its
motion and behavior through space and time, and the
related entities of energy and force.

Applied physics is the application of the science


of physics to helping human beings and solving their
problems. It differs from engineering because engineers
solve well-defined problems.

Applied physicists use physics or


conduct physics research to develop new technologies
or solve engineering problems.
Course Outline

Introduction:
Scientific notation and significant figures. Unit in different systems.

Vectors:
Review of vectors, Vector derivatives, Line and surface integrals, Gradient of scalar.

Mechanics:
Coordinate systems. Motion under constant acceleration, Newton laws and their
applications, Uniform circular motion. Vortex Motion, Frictional forces. Work and energy.
Potential energy, energy conservation, energy and our environment.
Course Outline

Electrostatic and magnetism:


Coulombs law. Gauss‟s law. Electric field around conductors. Dielectrics.
Magnetic fields. Magnetic force on current.

Semiconductor Physics:
Energy levels in a semiconductor. Hole concept. Intrinsic and extrinsic
regions. Law of mass action. P-N junction. Transistor.

Waves and Oscillation:


Free oscillation of systems with one degree of freedom. Classical wave
equation. Transverse modes for continuous string. Standing waves.
Dispersion relation for waves.
Course Outline

Optics and Laser:


Basic introduction to Optics and Laser. Diffraction grating. Lasers, population
inversion. Resonant cavities. Quantum efficiency. He-Ne, Ruby and CO2
lasers. Doppler effect and sonic boom.

Modern Physics:
Photoelectric effect, Compton effect. Bohr theory of hydrogen atom, atomic
spectra, reduce mass, De-broglie hypothesis braggs law, electron
microscope, zeeman effect, atomic nucleus, mass energy relation, binding
energy, nuclear forces and fundamental forces. Exponential decay and half
life.
Evaluation

Quizzes – 16%

Assignments – 14%

Mid Exam – 20%

Final Exam – 50%


There are a few basic quantities in physics that
are used for measurement. In 1960, it was
standardize and is known as SI system units.
Quantities SI Unit
Symbol
Length Meter
m

Mass Kilogram
kg

Time Second
s

Temperature Kelvin
K

Electric Current Ampere


Basic quantities can be derived and yield many other
quantities and can be used for various measurement
Quantities SI Unit
Symbol

Volume cubic meter m3

Density kilograms per kg/m3


cubic meter
Speed meter per
m/s second
Newton kg m/ s2 N

Energy Joule (kg m2/s2) J

Pressure Pascal Pa
(kg/(ms2)
Prefixes are used to denote measurement in various power
of ten. Some of normally used prefixes and their symbol are
shown below;
Name Symbol Factor
tera- T 1012
giga- G 109
mega- M 106
kilo- k 103
hecto- h 102
deka- da 101
Name Symbol Factor
deci- d 10-1
centi- c 10-2
milli- m 10-3
micro- μ 10-6
nano- n 10-9
pico- p 10-12
femto- f 10-15
Name Symbol Application Example
giga G PC memory 80 GB
mega M Electric power 200 MW
kilo k Distance 8 km
deci d Length
centi c Length
milli m Medicine 5 ml
micro μ Biology Microb size -2 μm
nano n Astronomy wv - 400 nm
Mx
10n
M is the coefficient
1<M<10
 10 is the base
 n is the exponent or
power of 10
 5.45E+6
- Normally used in a calculator display
- Also found in excel table
- Numbers less than 1 will have a
negative exponent.
Ex: A millionth of a second is:

0.000001 sec can be


denoted as
1x10-6 or
1.0E-6
 Example 1: Convert 86 km to m:
 Multiply the original measurement by a
conversion
factor.

86 km x 1,000
m =
86,000 m
1km
Example 2: Convert 75.00 km/h
to m/s

75.00 km x 1000 m x 1 h =
20.83m/s
h 1 km 3600 s
1. Convert 789 m to km
2 Convert 20 m/s to
. km/h

Accuracy
 Precision
Accuracy
A measure of how
close a
measurement is to the true value
of
the quantity being measured.
Who is more accurate when
measuring a
book that has a true length of 17.0
cm?
Susan:
17.0 cm, 16.0 cm, 18.0 cm, 15.0 cm
Amy:
15.5 cm, 15.0 cm, 15.2 cm, 15.3 cm
 Precision
A measure of how close a series of
measurements are to one another.
A
measure of how exact a
measurement is.
Who is more precise and accurate
when
measuring the same 17.0cm book?
Susan:
17.0c 16.0cm, 18.0cm, accurat
e
m, 15.0cm
Amy:
15.5cm, 15.0cm, 15.2cm, precis
e
15.3cm
 The significant figures in a
measurement include all of
the digits that are known,
plus one last digit that is
estimated.
When the decimal is present, start
counting
from the left.

When the decimal is absent, start


counting
from the right.

 Zeroes encountered before a non zero


Express the result with the same
number
of decimal places as the number
in the
operation with the least decimal
places.
Ex: 2.33 cm
+ 3.0 cm
5.3 cm
 Express the answer with the
same sig figs as the factor with
the least sig figs.
 Ex: 3.22 cm
x 2.0 cm
6.4 cm2
(Result is rounded to two sig figs)
Thank you dear students

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