TOURI

SM
PLANN
By VARGAS,
CINCO, LOOD
 OBJECTIVES
1.Define Planning
2.Reasons for Tourism Planning
3.Consequences of inadequate
or poor planning process
4.Tourism in Developed
Countries and Developing
Countries
5.Roles and Responsibilities of
Tourism Planning 02
6.Barriers to Planning
 WHAT IS PLANNING?

• Planning is a
dynamic process of
determining goals,
systematically
selecting alternative
courses of actions to
achieve those goals,
implementing the
chosen alternatives,
and evaluating the 01

choice to determine
 REASONS FOR TOURISM
PLANNING
Tourism planning is greatly
needed. The stagnation and
decline of a destination or
attraction may be due to the
lack of planning or poor
planning.
According to the destination life
cycle concept as defined by Plog
(1973), destination areas tend to
rise and fall in popularity 03
according to the whims of those
in the predominant
 PLOG'S PSYCHOGRAPHIC
Thus, a newMODEL
and/or exotic
destination
tends to
appeal first to
Plog's
allocentric
group- the 04
innovators in
Consequences of Lack
of Tourism Flaming or
Poor Tourism Planning
The following are the symptoms
of inadequate or poor tourism
planning:
A. Physical Impacts

05
 Consequences of Lack
of Tourism Flaming or
Poor B.Tourism Planning
Human Impacts
1. Less accessibility to services and
tourist attractions for local residents
resulting in local resentment
2. Dislike of tourists by local
residents;
3. Loss of cultural identities;
4. Lack of education of tourism 05
employees in skills and hospitality,
and
Consequences of Lack
of Tourism Flaming or
Poor Tourism Planning
C. Marketing Impacts

05
Consequences of Lack
of Tourism Flaming or
Poor Tourism Planning
C. Marketing Impacts
1. Failure to capitalize on new
marketing opportunities:
2. Erosion of market shares due to
the actions of competitive
destination areas;
3. Lack of sufficient awareness in
prime markets,
4. Lack of a clear image of 05
destination area in potential
Consequences of Lack
of Tourism Flaming or
Poor Tourism Planning
D. Organizational Impacts
1. Fragmental approach to the
marketing and development of
tourism, often involving
competitive splinter groups";
2. Lack of cooperation among
individual operators;
3. inadequate representation
the tourism industry's interests; 05
4. Lack of support from local
Consequences of Lack
of Tourism Flaming or
Poor Tourism Planning
E. Other Impacts
1. Lack of sufficient attractions
and events;
2. High seasonality and short
lengths of stay,
05
3. Poor or deteriorating quality of
facilities and services, and
 TOURISM IN DEVELOPED
1. In general,COUNTRY
planning for tourists is
less difficult in developed countries
than it is in developing ones.
2. Planning is important and should
provide a quality environment for both
tourists and residents.
3. The planning process for tourism
development is the same as in city or
regional planning
4. Target countries or states can be
identified as potential tourist 06
generators through research and
market analysis, Proper planning
 TOURISM IN DEVELOPING
• Tourism is COUNTRIES
important in bringing the
much- needed foreign currency to
developing countries. Mexico and Spain
for example have benefited very much
from tourism For a number of countries
such as Malta, Morocco, Tunisia, and
Cyprus, tourism receipts contributed
largely to the national income.
• Other advantages are increased
employment opportunities and the
development of infrastructure. Roads,
water, and sewage systems provided 06
for tourists also help local industries.
Government Involvement in tourism
 Roles and Responsibilities
for Tourism Planning
• In communist countries, all planning is
done by the national government. In
democratic countries, the government
and the private sector play valid role in
the tourism planning.
• Tourism planning should take place at
many levels within a country. The
starting
• point for the tourism planning process05
in any country should be the
development of a national tourism
 BARRIERS TO
PLANNING
1. Many people are against planning
in principle, particularly within the
free-enterprise system. Many
businessmen view tourism planning
as an encroachment into their
domain and are skeptical of its real
value;
2. It is expensive. Effective tourism
planning must be based upon
detailed resource analysis and07
market research;
3. The tourism industry is complex
 BARRIERS TO
PLANNING
4. Tourism is characterized by few
large businesses and various smaller
enterprises. There is also the
tendency for individual operators to
consider themselves as being in the
hotel industry or restaurant industry
rather than accepting their broader
role in the tourism industry.
• Despite these barriers to tourism
planning, an increasing number
of plans are produced each year 07

around the world. There are

 THE TOURISM
PLANNING
PROCESS
Planning is an ongoing process that must keep
up with the changing character of the world and
of the destination area. The planning procedure
follows a step-by-step pattern. There are five
essential steps in the tourism planning process:
1. Background analysis phase;
2. Detailed research and analysis phase;
3. Synthesis phase;
4. Goal-setting, strategy selection, and
objective-setting phase; and 08
5. Plan development phase.
 BACKGROUND
ANALYSIS
The first step in the tourism planning
process is a situational analysis that
provides the basic direction for the
succeeding steps. This is the logical
launching point for most tourism
plans since most destination areas,
whether they are countries, states,
provinces, regions, or local
communities, have some existing
tourism activity and regulatory/policy 08
framework for the industry. These
resource components and
 BACKGROUND
ANALYSIS
The next step in the background analysis is a
description of existing tourism demand in the
destination area using readily available
Modes of travel
secondary to and within
or published the destination
sources area
of information
and past usage volumes (aircraft, bus, train, ship,
private automobile):
1. Visitation volumes and patterns by month or
season;
2. Geographical origins of tourists;
3. Geographical destinations of tourists;
4. Tourists demographics such as age, income,
education, occupation, and travel party
composition; 08
5. Trip purposes;
 BACKGROUND
ANALYSIS
6. Activity participation;
7. Market segments (families with children,
singles, tour groups, business groups);
8. Lengths of stay in the area;
9. Tourist expenditure within the area; and
10. Usage of facilities such as accommodation,
attractions, events, and recreational facilities.
The final step in the background analysis is a
review of the major strengths, weaknesses, and
problems and issues within the
destination area's existing tourism industry. 08
 DETAILED RESEARCHED &
ANALYSIS)
A VALID TOURISM PLAN CANNOT BE
FORMULATED WITHOUT RESEARCH. RESEARCH
SHOULD BE CONCENTRATED IN FOUR DISTINCT
AREAS, NAMELY: RESOURCES, MARKETS,
ACTIVITIES, AND COMPETITION. THE
CAPACITIES OF THE VARIOUS TOURISM
RESOURCES ARE THEN MEASURED. ALTHOUGH
THE CAPACITIES OF SOME OF THE TOURISM
RESOURCE COMPONENTS ARE EASILY
MEASURED SUCH AS GUEST ROOMS,
RESTAURANT SEATS, CAMP SITES, AND GOLF06
COURSES, THE CAPACITIES OF OTHERS SUCH
 DETAILED RESEARCHED &
ANALYSIS)
The last stage of the resource analysis is
the resource classification. This is a
ranking or grading of the scope of appeal
of the tourism resources of the
destination area
The second component of the detailed
research step is the activity analysis.
A good tourism plan will include some
original research on the existing and 06
potential markets for the destination
area. The original research carries out
 The third step of the tourism planning
process is where major conclusions
regarding the previous work are
formulated. It is one of the most
important and creative steps in the
process. A comprehensive tourism plan
produce conclusions on five distinct
subjects:
1. Tourism development;
2. Tourism marketing, 06
3. Tourism industry organization;
4. Tourism awareness; and
 The first step in the synthesis phase is
the preparation of position statements on
each of the five subjects. The position
statement indicates "where we are now"
with respect to development marketing,
industry organization, awareness, and
other support services.
The second step is to determine "where
we would like to be" or the desired future
situation. It is useful for the destination
06
area to verbalize these desired states in
 GOAL SETTING, STRATEGY
SELECTION, AND OBJECTIVE
SETTING
THE FOURTH STEP IN THE TOURISM PLANNING
PROCESS IS TO DEFINE THE PLANNING GOALS,
STRATEGIES, AND OBJECTIVES. THEY MUST BE
COMPLEMENTARY TO POLICY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.
Another destination area suffering from overcrowding
or a too rapid pace of development may have chosen
a more conservation-oriented approach. A tourism
plan has a relatively short life span of usually five
years. Planning goals should be achieved within that
period.
06
A destination area with an economy-oriented policy
approach may want to obtain the maximum economic
 STRATEGY COMPONENTS
1. ATTACH A HIGH PRIORITY TO TOURISM AS AN
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY;
2. Broaden the market appeal of the area and increase
visitation to the area;
3. Spread demand more evenly throughout the year;
4. Diversify the range of activities/opportunities
available to visitors;
5. Make the area a primary destination point for a
greater number of visitors;
6. Encourage stopovers by other visitors who might
otherwise pass by:
7. Decrease the dependence on US pleasure travel
markets;
8. Increase the penetration of Canadian and overseas
06
markets;
9. Encourage one or two new developments of an
THAN
K YOU