Lighting Schemes
Different lighting schemes can be classified as
• Direct lighting
• Indirect lighting
• Semi direct lighting
• Semi indirect lighting
• General lighting
1. Direct Lighting
• As the name indicates, the light
from the source falls directly on
the object or the surface to be
illuminated.
• Almost 90% light is sent directly to
the working plane and remaining
10% is used to illuminate walls
and ceilings.
• This scheme has the highest
2. Indirect Lighting
• 90% of light is reflected up to
illuminate the ceiling and the ceiling
itself acts as a source of light.
• Since whole of the light on the working
plane is received by diffused reflection,
it is important to keep the fittings and
ceiling clean.
• This scheme has the lowest efficiency.
• It is totally glare free and shadow less.
• Used in drawing office,composing
3. Semi-direct Lighting
• 60% to 90% of light is sent to
working plane through semi-
direct reflectors.
• Remaining light is used to
illuminate the ceiling and walls.
• It has less glare and light
shadows.
• Such system is best suited for the
rooms with high ceiling and
4. Semi-indirect Lighting
• 60% to 90% light is reflected
to illuminate ceiling .
• Remaining light is sent to the
working plane and walls.
• It has very light shadows and
glare free.
• Normally used in indoor
decorative lighting.
5. General Lighting
• In this system, luminaries
are employed which have
almost equal light
distribution downwards
and upwards as shown in
figure.
Flood Lighting
It means ‘flooding’ of large surfaces with the
help of light from powerful projectors.
It is used for,
• Aesthetic purpose such as flood lighting ancient
monuments, religious building on important festive
occasions.
• Advertising purpose i.e.Flood lighting huge hoarding
and commercial buildings.
• Industrial and commercial purpose as in case of
railway yard, sports stadium and quarries etc.
Flood Lighting arrangements
• Usually flood light projector having suitable
reflectors fitted with standard 250, 500 or
1000 watt halogen lamps are employed.
• The projector is kept 15 to 30 mt. Away from
the surface to be flood lighted & provides
aprox. Parallel beam having beam spread of
250 to 300.
• In case, the projector can not be placed away
from the building,an asymmetric reflector is
used which directs more intense light towards
the top of the building.
Essentials of Good Lighting
• Glare free
• Shadow less(uniform)
• Adequate
• Harmonious
• Productive
1. Glare
• It is harsh and unwanted light which
causes discomfort & nervous strain.
• It is because of,
1. Bright intensity of the source.
2. Source is in line of vision.
3. Very high contrast with back ground.
2. Shadow
• Source having large surface area has less
shadows.
• Larger the number of lights, lesser the
chances of shadows.
• A greater height and closer spacing makes
the lighting uniform.
3. Adequate
It depends upon many factors like,
• Size of an object
• Colour of an object
• State of an object
• Nature of task to be perform
• Period of an observation
• Distance between source and an object
• Distance between observer and an object
• Contrast w.r.t. back ground
• Age group
• Period and society
4. Harmonious
• It is that property which makes the enviourment and
atmosphere pleasant.
• Not only the lux level, but the colour of light should
also be considered.
• Sodium-mercury produces colour distortion so they are
used in out-door applications.
• Bluish light gives filling of coolness & calmness.
• Greenish-yellow light producing maximum eye
sensitivity, are used in surgical operations theatres.
• Red colour lamp in bed room can badly effect the
temperament of inmates.
5. Productive
The extra expenditure incurred on
replacing obsolete with modern one or
raising lux level should have financial
return such as,
• Increased output
• Greater sales
• Less number of rejections
• Less accidents
• More comfort
THANKS
FOR
U R
ATTENTION PLEASE
