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8 views56 pages

1.-MICROSCOPE-History-Parts-Functions-Types-Proper-Handling (1)

Uploaded by

shankarbaniaga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WELCOME TO

SCIENCE
CLASS!
LET US
REVIEW
What are the
different parts of a
microscope you have
remembered during
our activity
yesterday?
How important is
the microscope?
THE HISTORY OF
MICROSCOPY
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
The microscope was first
built in 1595 by
Zacharias Janssen and
his father Hans in
Holland.
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
The first compound
microscope produced by
Zacharias Janssen were
simply a tube with lenses at
each end.
The magnification of this early
microscope ranged from 3x
to 9x, depending on the size
of the diaphragm openings.
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
Later, it was perfected in
the 17th century in several
countries included by
Robert Hooke.
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
Hooke’s Microscope
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
In Micrographia (1665), he
coined the word cell to
describe the features of
plant tissue (cork from
the bark of an oak tree) he
was able to discover
under the microscope.
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 –
1723)
He invented the first
practical microscopes and
used them to become the
first person to see and
describe bacteria, among
other microscopic
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 –
1723)
He used his new instrument,
reaching 300x with a single
lens (more powerful than
Hooke’s).
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 –
1723)
He also discovered startling
microscopic things, such as
protozoa and spermatozoa.
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 –
1723)
He was the first to see
bacteria, yeast, and life found
in a drop of pond water.

He refined lens grinding so


that living things could be
seen through the microscope.
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 –
1723)
HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPE

With the advancement


of technology, and
improved optics, the
compound light
microscope came into
being.
PARTS OF A
COMPOUND
MICROSCOPE AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
OCULAR/EYEPIECE
It is where one
looks through to
see the image of
the specimen.
BODY TUBE
It is along tube
that holds the
eyepiece and
connects to the
objectives
REVOLVING NOSEPIECE
It is a rotating
part of the
microscope at
the bottom of the
body tube. It is
also holding the
OBJECTIVES
It is to assemble
lights and improve
magnification.
OBJECTIVES

A. Scanning Objective
has 4x magnification.
OBJECTIVES

B. Low Power
Objective has 10x
magnification.
OBJECTIVES
C. High Power
Objective has 40x
magnification.
OBJECTIVES
D. Oil Immersion
Objective has 100x
magnification.
OBJECTIVES
By knowing the
magnification of the
eyepiece and the
objectives, you can
solve for the total
magnification of
the microscope.
OBJECTIVES
To do this, multiply
the magnification of
the eyepiece with the
magnification of the
objective.
OBJECTIVES
By knowing the magnification of the
eyepiece and the objectives, you can
solve for the total magnification of the
microscope.
10x
TOTAL MAGIFICATION

X = 400x
ARM

It is used to carry
the microscope
with.
COARSE ADJUSTMENT
KNOB It is a large, round knob
on the side of the
microscope.

A rapid control which


allows for quick
focusing by moving the
objective lens or stage
up and down.
FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB
It is a small round knob
on the side of the
microscope.

A slow but precise


control used to fine
focus the image when
viewing at the higher
magnifications.
FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB
The coarse
adjustment knob
quickly brings the
image into focus, and
the fine adjustment
knobs help maintain
focus as the
magnification increases.
STAGE

It is a large, flat area


under the objectives.

The slide is placed on


the stage for viewing.
STAGE CLIPS

These are the clips


on top of the stage
which hold the
slide in place.
DIAPHRAGM

It controls the
amount of light
on the specimen
MIRROR (LIGHT SOURCE)
It is the source of light
which is usually found
near the base of
microscope.
The light source makes it
easier to see the
specimen to be observed.
BASE

It supports the
microscope.
PROPER USE AND
HANDLING OF A
MICROSCOPE
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE
1.To transfer your microscope from
the shelf to your table, carry it
with two hands. Hold the arm with
one hand and place the other hand
beneath the base for support.
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE
2. Place the microscope on you table
with the arm pointing toward
you.
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE
3. Check the lighting of the room.
Make sure you have enough light to
view the specimen.
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE

4. Raise the body tube by turning the


coarse adjustment knob.
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE
5. Turn the revolving nosepiece. Set
the objective lens to the lowest
power. The lowest power is the
shortest objective lens. As you
revolve the nosepiece, you will hear a
“click” sound indicating that you set it
in position.
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE

6. Place the glass slide on the stage


and position it in the middle. And
use the stage clip to hold the slide
in place.
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE

7. Turn the coarse adjustment knob


carefully to lower the body tube as
near as it will go without touching
the glass slide. Look at the stage
side to side.
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE

8. Look through the eyepiece to


adjust the light that is passing
through the microscope. You can
adjust the mirror to reflect the
greatest amount of light.
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE

9. Slowly turn the coarse adjustment


knob to move the objective lens up.
Continue until the image comes to
focus. Use the fine adjustment knob
to finer focusing.
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE
10. To turn to the highest power
objective, look at the microscope
from the side. The highest power
objective is the longest objective
lens. Then turn the revolving
nosepiece until the highest power
objective clicks into place.
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE

11. Look through the eyepiece and


slowly turn the coarse adjustment
knob to focus the image. Use the fine
adjustment knob for fine focusing.
PROPER USE OF A MICROSCOPE

12. When finished, raise the body


tube and position the lowest power
objective lens. Remove the glass slide
and return the microscope to its
Shelf.
TYPES OF
MICROSCOPE
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

A compound microscope is
a high power (high
magnification) microscope
that uses a compound lens
system.
STEREO MICROSCOPE
The Stereo microscope, also
called a dissecting
microscope, has two
optical paths at slightly
different angles allowing the
image to be viewed three-
dimensionally under the
lenses.
STEREO MICROSCOPE

Stereo microscopes
magnify at low power,
typically between 10X
and 200X, generally
below 100x.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Among the different types
of microscopes, the Electron
Microscope(EM) is a
powerful microscope
available and used today,
allowing researchers to view
a specimen at nanometer
size.

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