Computer Science Faculty
Subject: Introduction to IT
Lecturer : Mr. Mohammad Qasim Safi
Introduction to IT
Chapter One
Computer Fundamental
Introduction to IT
Computer
A computer is calculating device. The word computer is derived from
Latin word “Computare” which means to compute or to calculate.
A computer is a machine that accepts, processes and gives the result on the
display device. It can also store the data on storage devices. The data can
be numeric data, character type or audio, video etc.
Introduction to IT
Computer
Computer is an electronic device/machine which receives input,
process that and gives output.
Input: Data which is provided to computer
Output: The result of processing is called output
Processing: Changing input into output
Introduction to IT
Basic Organization of Computer
Every parts of computer is called unit.
Input Unit: All those devices which are used for giving data to computer or
the unit through which data is provided to computer.
Ex: Mouse, Keyboard etc
Output Unit: All those devices through which the result of processing can
be obtained.
Ex: Monitor, Speaker etc
Introduction to IT
Basic Organization of Computer
Processing Unit: Is the unit of computer through which input can be
changed into output.
Ex: Processor
Control Unit: The unit of computer which monitors processing, input and
output. It exists in processor
Storage Unit: The unit of computer which stores data either temporary or
permanently.
Ex: Hard disk, Ram
Introduction to IT
Introduction to IT
Uses of Computer
Business
Computers are used in banks, airports, share markets, export houses and
others for computerizing business applications like MIS, Payroll, inventory
and financial accounting etc.
Scientific Research
Computers are used to solve complex scientific problems accurately in a
short time
Weather analysis
Supercomputers are used to analyze and predict weather.
Introduction to IT
Uses of Computer
Industry
Used in electricity, steel, paper, printing, engineering and other industries for
production, inventory control and related applications.
Defense
Used to computerize war planes, ships, radars and many advanced weapons.
Space
Used to design computerized space satellites, rockets and related
technologies
Introduction to IT
Uses of Computer
Education
Used in development of CBT (Computer based teaching)
Law and Order
Used to record the data of vehicles, criminals and finger prints etc.
Libraries
Used to develop many library management systems.
Medicine
Used in hospitals and clinics for maintaining medical records, prescription
writing, diagnostic applications and computerized scanning etc.
Introduction to IT
Uses of Computer
Education
Used in development of CBT (Computer based teaching)
Law and Order
Used to record the data of vehicles, criminals and finger prints etc.
Libraries
Used to develop many library management systems.
Medicine
Used in hospitals and clinics for maintaining medical records, prescription
writing, diagnostic applications and computerized scanning etc.
Introduction to IT
Software
Programs consists of instructions (commands) that tell the computer to
perform some specific task.
The intangible parts of computer is also called Software
There are four types of software.
System Software (Windows, Linux, Macintosh)
Programming Languages (C, C#, Java, Python)
Application Software (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access)
Utility Software (Anti Virus)
Introduction to IT
Hardware
The physical components that make up a computer system.
The tangible parts of computer is called hardware
There are two types of hardware
Internal(Hard disk, Ram, CPU, Mainboard etc)
External(Mouse, Keyboard, Speaker, Monitor etc)
Introduction to IT
Introduction to IT
Any Questions
