General

Chemistry 1
And here goes your subtitle.
Properties of
Matter
LESSON 1 WEEK 1
 Chemistry
Chemistry is the study of matter,
analyzing its structure, properties and
behavior to see what happens when
they change in chemical reactions.
 Let Us Try!
Read carefully the following
riddles.

RIDDLE
TIME
 Riddle Time
No need to go far and wide,
in your meals I subtly hide;
To save them from being bland;
from tasteless to grand. What am I?
S A L T
 Riddle Time
What would you be without me?
I’m essential even if you can’t see;
I am what you breathe,
making your life complete. What am
A I?I R
 Riddle Time
I am needed for life and look
transparent;
Adult body? I compose
W A T E R
it by 60
percent. What am I?
 Matter
the “stuff” of which the universe is
composed, has two characteristics:
it has mass and it occupies space.
 Matter
Matter comes in a great variety of
forms
 Matter
The substances we have just
described illustrate the three states of
matter:
SOLID, LIQUID, AND GAS
The Three States of
Matter
Phase Changes of
Matter
Classification of Matter
 Classification of Matter

• Have definite or fixed • Physical combination of two or more

composition. substances whose properties are retained.
• Have a distinct property. • Composition varies and do not exhibit
• Every part is like every other part. unique properties.
• Classified into Element and • Can be separated from each other by
Compound simple mechanical means.
• Classified into Homogenous or
Heterogenous
 Classification of Matter

●Pure Substance – Matter that

has only 1 set of chemical and
Example: Pure water
physical always
properties.
has the exact same chemical
and physical properties
under the same conditions.
If water ever tastes different
then it isn’t pure water; it fits
into our next category.
 Classification of Matter

● Mixture – Two or more pue substances

mixed together. Each substance in the
mixture retains its own set of chemical and
physical properties.
Even
Example:
thoughCopper
it mayandlook
different,
Zinc can be it is
mixed
still copper
and
together
zinc. to
Each
produce
metal
retains
brass. its own properties
like melting point.
 Classification of Matter

Elements- simplest type of matter

that is composed of only one kind
of atom. It is represented by one
letter or two letters symbols. It
cannot be broken down into simpler
substance.
Classification of Matter

Compounds- composed of two or

more elements combined
chemically. The symbol of
compound includes the element(s)
that comprise it and the number of
atoms of each element
Classification of Matter

Homogenous Mixture- consist of

only one phase since the
components are evenly distributed.
The composition appearance and
properties are uniform throughout
a sample. Examples are saltwater, air, rubbing
alcohol. Sugar dissolved in water.
 Classification of Matter

Solution- is a homogenous
substance that can be
physically combined and in
Solute- is the substance that get varying proportions. It has
dissolved. two parts: Solute and
Solvent- is the one that does the Solvent.
dissolving
Classification of Matter
Heterogenous- has two or
more phases present since
the components are not
equally distributed.
Components are easy to
distinguish.

Examples are sand and gravel,

gasoline and water, cornstarch and
water, oil and water.
Classification of Matter

Suspension- a
heterogeneous mixture in
which the solid particles
are spread throughout the
liquid without dissolving in
it
Classification of Matter
Colloid is a mixture in
which one substance
consisting of
microscopically dispersed
insoluble particles is
suspended throughout
another substance.

Colloids include gels, sols, and emulsions; the

particles do not settle, and cannot be
separated out by ordinary filtering or
centrifuging like those in a suspension.
How can you determine whether
something is an element or not?
They are all listed on the periodic table.

ELEMENT SO
NG
1. Pure substance
○ Made of only 1
type of particle

○ Ex: copper wire

only has copper
atoms
2. Can’t be
separated into
simpler
substances by
3. Each has a
unique set of
properties
○ Called
characteristic
properties

○ Can be physical or Elements

chemical Metals Metalloids

4. Classified by their Nonmetals
properties
Develop the concept map by
adding info. about metals,
nonmetals, & metalloids
METALLOIDS
METALS
• Shiny NONMETALS • Characteristics of
metals and nonmetals
• Good • Dull (no shine)
conductors • Semiconductors
• Poor conductors
• Malleable
• At room temp, only
• Ductile • Ex: silicon, germanium
a few are solids that
• Ex: gold, silver, are brittle
copper • Most are gases
• Ex: hydrogen,
oxygen, helium
Use placement on the Periodic
Table to classify elements
● Do you know any compounds?
● How are they different from elements?
● Characteristics

1. Found in nature more often than pure elements

2. Have more than one element

3. Elements are chemically bonded to each other

– Mg + O2 makes MgO

4. Pure substances that occur in fixed ratios by mass

– 1g H to 8g of O in every water molecule

5. Can’t be separated by physical means

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Mixtures
● 2 or more substances that are not
chemically bonded
○ So different parts keep their own properties
● Ex:

○ pizza

○ granite

○ Kool-aid

○ Brass

○ Jello
● Parts do not occur in a definite ratio

○ Compare the 2 pepperoni pizzas

Mixtures
• Can be heterogeneous (see diff pieces) or
homogeneous (uniform appearance)
• Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions

• Heterogeneous mixtures include suspensions

• Colloids are classified as heterogeneous in some
books and homogeneous in others
Solutions – look the same
● From Chem4kids
throughout
● How much solute can
dissolve in water?
● Solubility graph can tell
you
1. Most compounds
show a(n) ________ in
solubility as temp.
inc.
2. Which compound
shows the greatest
increase in solubility
as temp inc?
3. Which compound(s)
actually dec in
solubility as temp
inc.?
WRITTEN WORK
NUMBER 2
Fill-in the Venn
diagram with
characteristics.
 Physical and Chemical Properties and
Changes

A physical property is a characteristic

of a substance that can be observed
or measured without changing the
identity of the substance. Physical
properties include color, density,
 Physical and Chemical Properties and
Changes

Chemical properties describe the

characteristic ability of a substance to
react to form new substances; they
include its flammability and
susceptibility to corrosion. All samples
Quiz
#1
Quiz
#1
Quiz
#1
 Common
Substances and
Separation of
Mixtures
LESSON 2 WEEK 1
 Common Substances and Separation of
Mixtures

The following table shows some of the

very common chemicals in our
surroundings with their corresponding
chemical names and chemical
formulas.
Common Chemical Substances
(Compounds)
 Formation of
Mixtures
Mixtures are physical combinations of
two or more pure substances. In
physical combination, substances do
not change into other substances
when they
Formation of
Mixtures
 Separation of
Mixtures
Since they are formed by physically
combining the substances, mixtures
can be physically separated. For
example, if a copper sulfate solution
is boiled, the
Separation of
Mixtures
 Separation
Techniques
The most appropriate technique
depends on the type of mixture and
the physical properties of the
components.
 Separation
Techniques
For example, if we had a solution of
salt water, the most appropriate
separation technique would depend
on whether we wanted to recover
both the salt
 Physical Properties of Mixture
Components

Separation techniques take

advantage of differing physical
properties of the
components of a mixture.
 Physical Properties of Mixture
Components

For example, by evaporating

the water from a copper
sulfate solution, we are taking
advantage of the fact that
 Separating Homogeneous and
Heterogeneous Mixtures

Separation techniques can

generally be divided into the
separation of heterogeneous
mixtures and the separation of
Some Separation
Techniques
 Decanting

Decanting involves
separating a dense,
insoluble substance from a
heterogeneous mixture.
 Decanting

For example, if we mixed

sand with water in a
beaker, the sand would not
dissolve, but would settle to
Decanting
 Sieving

Sieving involves
separating a mixture
based on different sizes
of components
 Sieving

For example, small rocks

can be separated from
sand by sieving the
mixture.
Sieving
 Filtration

Filtration is a special form

of sieving that separates
very fine solid particles
from liquid or gas
 Filtration
For example, air and water
filters are used in a variety
of applications to keep air
and water free from minute
Filtration
 Separating
Funnel
A separating funnel can be
used to separate a mixture
of two non-miscible
liquids – that is, liquids that
Separating
Funnel
 Centrifugation
Centrifugation involves
spinning tubes of
heterogeneous mixtures at
very high
Centrifugation
 Magnetic
Separation
Magnetic separation is a
specialized method specifically
used for separating
magnetic materials, such as
iron, from non-magnetic
 Magnetic
Separation
 Evaporation
Evaporation is used for
recovering dissolved solids
from solutions. The solution is
either boiled or simply left
uncovered, resulting in the
Evaporation
 Distillation
Distillation is similar to
evaporation, except that
the evaporated
substance, known as the
Distillation
 Chromatography
Chromatography is used to
separate liquid or gas mixtures. It
uses very small quantities as its
purpose is primarily for identifying
and analyzing substances within a
mixture, rather than separating
 Chromatography
Some examples include drug
testing of urine and blood samples,
testing water samples for
pollutants, and comparing a
suspect’s sample with evidence
found at a crime scene.
Chromatography
Quiz
#2
Thank you!