CHAPTER 3-
BECOMING A MEMBER
OF A SOCIETY
LESSON 7- PERSONALITY
AND IDENTITY FORMATION
Overview
• In the previous chapters, it has
been discussed that most, if not all,
ideas and concepts that one knows
and does are learned from the
people that he or she is regularly
with. It represents the fact that
society plays a role in the
formation of your interest, the
same way that you have played a
role in forming the interest of
another person if you have
influenced him or her to like your
favorite program.
PERSONALITY IDENTITY
• observed by the other people's • a body of a person .
eyes. • he/she has no or less
• adapted it from a friend, a chances of changing it
colleague, or a family, and completely.
he/she may change it if he/she • it is a thumbmark or
wills to.
symbol of his/her being,
• organization of forces-
the major evidence that
consistent attitudes, values, and
modes of perception – within an
he or she exists.
individual which results in his or
her consistent behavior.
Contextually, identity and
personality are different.
However, both of them are
melded and affected by
several factors, With
culture and society
topping the bar. in this
sense, the root of one's
identity and personality
can be traced down to
his/her socialization.
Introduction
• Hunt (1982) says that socialization primarily
consists of processes and techniques observed
by the members of the society towards an
“acceptable, proper, and desirable way of
living” and occurs through social interaction and
transmission of culture in a particular group. it
helps shape and develop an individual's
personality, allowing the person to learn and
adopt the culture of the society where he or she
belongs.
DETERMINANTS
OF PERSONALITY
FORMATION
In the previous segment, it has been
discussed that personality is affected by
several factors. A person's socialization
plays a major key in formation of his/her
personality. However, if personality is
affected by socialization, then so is
socialization by personality.
1. Biological Inheritance (Nature)
2. Environment (Nurture)
2.1 Geographic Environment
2.2 Cultural Environment
2.3 Social Environment
1. BIOLOGICAL INHERITANCE
(NATURE)
Whether a person likes it or not, the genetic characteristics of one’s
parents have something to do with his/her personality.
Genes provides “raw materials” from which personality is formed, such
as psychological processes, reflexes, urges, capacity, intelligence, and traits.
For example, if a person who has both parents as engineers displays a
high aptitude in Math-related disciplines, chances are that he/she enjoys
activities that involve numbers or calculation. He/She may also be engaged in
related professions, such as engineering, accountancy, finance, and the like.
Indeed, biological inheritance is a crucial basis in personality formation .
2.2 Cultural Environment
A cultural environment is a set of
beliefs, practices, customs and
behaviors that are found to be common
to everyone that is living within a
certain population.
Cultural environment refers to the
learned ways of living- the norms,
values, and beliefs one gets accustomed
to in a society.
2. ENVIRONMENT
Environment can also influence personality
formation and development. This determinant can be
further subdivided into three:
2.1 Geographic Environment
The location, climate and topography and natural
resources in one’s society are all parts of his/her
environment. Differences in personality are found
among individuals living in different locations with
different climate and topography. Geography is
responsible for the varying experiences in response to
the stimuli posed by the physical world.
2.3 Social Environment
Interactions happening
in a particular group are all
parts of a person’s social
environment. One’s social role
is also a contributing factor in
developing one’s personality.
For example, the oldest
child in a family may have
experiences different from
his/her younger siblings- thus
the difference in personalities.
CULTURE AND PERSONALITY
Among the determinants that affect one’s personality,
cultural environment is the main factor that determines the human
behavior. They believed that one’s personality development is a
result of him/her learning his/her culture. Individual personalities of
the members of a society are tiny replicas of their overall culture,
with the culture as the summary of the members/ personalities.
• is defined as a person’s position in a social
system. It can either be ascribed or achieved and
complementary or symmetrical.
2 Kinds of Status
- is a predetermined status, which means that an individual
with this kind of status has no choice to choose his/her position in
the society since this is what is given to him/her at his/her birth.
2 Kinds of Status
ACHIEVED STATUS
• is obtained by choice, such as club membership, educational
degree, and more.
2 Kinds of Status (by pairs)
COMPLEMENTARY STATUS
• Pairs are
expected to
behave in
different but
compatible ways.
2 Kinds of Status (by pairs)
SYMMETRICAL STATUS
• Two or more
holders of the
same status are
expected to react
one another in
similar ways.
5 Agents of Socialization
1. FAMILY 3. SCHOOL
2. BARKADA or PEERS 4. SOCIO-CIVIC GROUPS
5. MASS MEDIA
CHAPTER 3-
BECOMING A MEMBER
OF A SOCIETY
LESSON 8 – SOCIAL
PROCESSES
9 SOCIAL PROCESSES
1. ENCULTURATION 6. AMALGAMATION
2. ACCULTURATION 7. STRATIFICATION
3. ASSIMILATION 8. CONFLICT
4. COOPERATION 9. COMPETITION
5. DIFFERENTIATIO
N
• One of the basic social
processes that happen within a
family.
• As the manner by which
persons learns and adopts the
culture followed by his/her co-
members in a society.
Ex. When a parents teach
their children about values,
norms, traditions, and other
aspects of their culture.
ENCULTURATION
• The process in which a
person adapts to the
influence of another
culture by borrowing
many of its aspects.
• It refers to the
psychological changes
stimulated by cross-
cultural imitation.
• It implies immersion in
another culture while
ACCULTURATION maintaining one’s
mother culture.
• Denotes complete or
almost total adaptation
of the minor culture to
the major one. In
assimilation, an
individual learns a new
culture, tending to lose
entirely his or her
previously held cultural
identity.
• Assimilation and
acculturation differ in
terms of the person’s
adaptation level.
ASSIMILATION
COOPERATION
• “A form of social
interaction wherein two
or more people work
together for a common
end or purpose”.
• In local context,
cooperation is
manifested through
bayanihan.
DIFFERENTIATION
• as the ways through which
major social spheres become
disconnected in order to
focus on specialized roles
and create a stronger
organizational framework.
• Is the process of designating
each member of the society
with particular functions and
roles intended for the
society to achieve stability
and order, thus, the
increased number of social
units.
&
AMALGAMATION
• Happens when two
families or groups
become one through a
formal union, such as
marriage.
• It promotes acculturation
and assimilation, and is
the opposite of
differentiation since it
reduces the number of
social units
• Hierarchical arrangement and
establishment of social
categories that may evolve
into social groups.
• In the light of social processes,
it can be regarded as the
division of society into social
categories that in turn develop
social groups. It is mainly
based in wealth and income
differences.
STRATIFICATI
ON
CONFLICT
• a struggle over values and claims to scarce
status, power, and resource.
• Conflict manifests in different forms and
levels. there are intrapersonal, interpersonal,
Intragroup, and intergroup conflicts.
DIFFERENT FORMS & LEVELS:
(1) Interpersonal Conflict - occurs when a person or group of people
frustrates or interferes with another person's efforts at achieving a goal.
(2) Intrapersonal Conflict - occurs within an individual -The experience takes
place in the person's mind.
(3) Intragroup conflict (or infighting) - refers to conflict between two or
more members of the same group or team.
(4) Intergroup Conflict - relationship between two or more groups and their
respective members are often necessary to complete the work required to
operate a business.
• suggest the struggle between two or
more persons or groups that can be
translated to innovation in the long
run.
• “Competition breeds innovation.”
COMPETITION
