Midterm Coverage
Second Issue
NAMING of COMPOUNDS
The specific contain name of each
compound makes it different from one
another since the identification of the
compounds by giving the name is
based on the scientific methods.
Naming Binary compounds
Binary compounds contain only two elements in a
chemical combination.
1. In naming binary compounds compose of
metal and non-metal, the name of the
electronegative element (non-metal) ending in –
ide.
Ex. BaO Barium oxide
MgCI2 Magnesium chloride
ZnS zinc sulphide
LiH lithium hydride
2. In naming binary compounds with variable oxi. numbers , two systems
commonly used.
a. Stock system or roman numeral system
The metallic element is written first followed by its oxidation
number in Roman numeral and closed in parenthesis.
Ex. HgCI mercury (I) chloride
HgCI2 mercury (II) chloride
FeBr2 iron (II) bromide
Febr3 Iron (III) bromide
b. Classical or conventional system
The suffix “ous” is added to the Latin of the
electropositive metal with the lower oxidation number state
and the suffix “ic” applied with the higher oxidation state.
Ex. AuCI aurous chloride
AuCI3 auric chloride
PbI2 plumbous iodide
PbI4 plumbic iodide
3. In naming binary compounds containing 2 non-metal , rule
1 is applied prefixes are used to denote to indicate the
number of atoms of the elements with which the prefixes are
used; Greek; mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, etc.,…..
Ex. PBr5 phosphorous pentabromide
SO3 sulfur trioxide
CCI4 carbon tetrachloride
N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide
P4O10 tetraphosphorous decoxide
4 .Binary acids are solutions or compounds
consisting of hydrogen and a non-metal. They are
designated by the prefixes “hydro” and the “suffix” “ic”
and acid added.
Ex.
HCI ------------------------ hydrochloric acid
HBr ------------------------ hydrobromic acid
H2SE ---------------------- hydroselemic acid
H2S ------------------------ hydrosulfuric acid
Naming Ternary
Compounds
Ternary compounds consist of three
elements-an electropositive (either Hydrogen
or metal) and a polyatomic ion
a. Ternary Oxiacids – are compounds made up of hydrogen,
oxygen, and other elements. Suffix terminology is used to
differentiate the non-metal between two ternary oxyacid. The
name of the acid containing a non-metal with the higher ox
no carries the suffix “ic”.
HNO2 nirtous acid HNO3 nitric acid
H2SO2 sulfurous acid H2SO3 sulfuric acid
b. Salts with more than one positive ion – can be
formed from an acid containing 2 or more hydrogen
atoms by replacing one hydrogen or both with different
metals.
H2S NH4HS ammonium hydrogen sulphide
H3PO4 NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate
H3PO4 Na2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate
The salt of – ous acid uses the suffix – ite
The salt of the –ic acid uses the suffix – ate
The salt of the hypo-acid uses the prefix hypo-an suffix - ite
The salt of the per –ic acid uses the per – and the suffix - ate
Ex. KCLO potassium hypochlorite
KCLO2 potassium chlorite
KCLO3 potassium chlorate
KCLO4 potassium percholorate
5. Bases or Alkali are the compounds containing
hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the metallic element.
They are named by giving the name of the metal
followed by the word hydroxides.
Ex. NaOH sodium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide
Percentage Composition – it gives the part per 100g of a
compound
% of element =total mass of element
Mass per mole of compound x 100
Ex. (NH4)2 SO4
N = 2 x 14 = 28/ 132 x 100 = 21.21%
H = 8 x 1 = 8/ 132 x 100 = 6.06%
S = 1 x 32 = 32/ 132 x 100 = 24.24%
O = 4 x 16 = 64/ 132 x 100 = 48.48%
132g/mole
