BOTSON 9.

0
Workshop Schedule
Saturday: Explanation Day:

Time Activity

4:00 to Welcome and Introduction

5:00

5:00 to Component Breakdown

5:45

5:45 to Gesture Control Basics

6:15

6:15 to Code Setup

6:45

6:45 to QnA + Day-2 Preparation

7:00
Workshop Schedule
Sunday: Assembly and Testing Day:

Time Activity

10:00 to 10:45 Recap & Assembly Overview

10:45 to 11:45 Component Explanation

11:45 to 1:00 Code Overview and Explanation

1:00 to 2:00 Lunch Break

2:00 to 3:00 Code Uploading and App Connection

3:00 to 3:45 Testing and Challenges

3:45 to 4:15 Debugging Specific Problems

4:15 to 4:30 Closing, Doubt Session, and Feedback

01
Introduction to the
Components
 Components in the Kit
01 ESP 32 06 Battery

02 Motor Driver (L298) 07 Chassis

03 Motors 08 Nuts and Bolts (4 pairs)

04 Wheels 09 USB Cord

05 Male to Male & Male to 10 Screwdriver

Female Wires
1. ESP32
History:
ESP32 Overview: A popular term for Wi-Fi-capable development boards and chips from Espressif.

Espressif: A fabless silicon vendor based in China, founded in 2008.

First Product: ESP8089 (2013) – a 2.4-GHz Wi-Fi system-on-chip (SoC) for tablets and set-top boxes.

ESP8266 (2014): Brought Espressif products to the maker community with a single-chip Wi-Fi solution.

Espressif Vision: Focuses on Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) through low-power, wireless
technology.

ESP8266 Key Features:

● Easy-to-use single-chip device.

● Simplified Wi-Fi module design.

● Minimal external components needed: resistors, capacitors, PCB antenna, QSPI serial flash, crystal
(24–52 MHz).
ESP32

Timeline:
● 2013:
● Launch of the ESP8089, targeting tablets and set-top boxes.
● 2014:
● Introduction of the ESP8266, which gained popularity in the maker community due to its low cost and
Wi-Fi capabilities. The ESP-01 module was particularly significant for its ease of integration with
Arduino platforms.
● 2014:
● Release of the Software Development Kit (SDK) for the ESP8266, enabling standalone IoT
applications.
● 2016:
● Launch of the ESP32 series, featuring dual-core processors and enhanced connectivity options (Wi-Fi
and Bluetooth).
● 2020 onwards:
● Introduction of newer variants like ESP32-S2 and ESP32-C3, focusing on improved performance and
power efficiency.
ESP32

Robust Design and High Level Integration

Ultra-Low Power and a Hybrid Wifi and
Consumption Bluetooth Chip
ESP32 is capable of functioning ESP32 is highly-integrated with in-
reliably in industrial environments, built antenna switches, RF balun,
with an operating temperature power amplifier, low-noise receive
ranging from –40°C to +125°C. amplifier, filters, and power
ESP32 achieves ultra-low power management modules.
consumption with a combination ESP32 can interface with other
of several types of proprietary systems to provide Wifi and
software. Bluetooth functionality
ESP32 Block
Diagram:
Features of ESP32…..

● WiFi
● Bluetooth
● CPU and Memory
● Clocks and Timers
● Advanced Peripheral
Interfaces
● Power Management
● Security
ESP32 Series Nomenclature
ESP32 Pin Diagram

QFN QFN
6*6 5*5
 ESP32
Types of ESP32…..
● ESP32-D0WDQ6 (and ESP32D0WD)
● ESP32-D2WD
● ESP32-S0WD
● System in package (SiP) – ESP32-PICO-D4
● ESP32 S series
● ESP32-C series
● ESP32-H series

The ESP32 is most commonly used for mobile devices, wearable tech, and IoT applications, such as Nabto
Edge. Moreover, since Mongoose OS introduced an ESP32 IoT Starter Kit, the ESP32 has gained a reputation
as the ultimate chip for hobbyists and IoT developers. It’s suitable for commercial IoT, and its capabilities
and resources have grown impressively over the past four years.
ESP32
 ESP32

Here’s a list of IDEs that

supports to program the Here’s a list of IDEs that
ESP32 series boards with supports to program the ESP32
C/C++ series boards with MicroPython
● ESP-IDF ● Thonny IDE
● Arduino IDE ● PyCharm
● VS Code ● Mu Editor
● uPyCraft IDE
● VS Code + Pymakr
extension
ESP32
With low power consumption, ESP32 is an ideal choice for
IoT devices in the following areas:

• Smart Home • Generic Low-power IoT Sensor Hubs

• Industrial Automation • Generic Low-power IoT Data Loggers

• Health Care • Cameras for Video Streaming

• Consumer Electronics • Speech Recognition

• Smart Agriculture • Image Recognition

• POS machines • SDIO Wi-Fi + Bluetooth Networking Card

• Service robot • Touch and Proximity Sensing

• Audio Devices
ESP32
Uses of ESP32…..
Use in Commercial Devices:
● Alibaba Group's IoT LED wristband
● DingTalk's M1,
● LIFX Mini
● Pium
● HardKernel's Odroid Go
● Playdate
● Octopus Energy Mini

Use in Industrial Devices:

● TECHBASE's Moduino X series X1 and X2 modules
● NORVI IIOT Industrial Devices

Academic Uses:
● Academic Projects
● BOTSON
● Home Management Systems
2. Motor Drivers (L298)

Multiple
Controlling a Motor Functionalities
An adjustable speed motor Motor drivers have a few different
drive means a system that functions, such as amplifying
includes a motor that has electrical signals to power and
multiple operating speeds. A control the motor, enabling
variable speed motor drive precise speed control, and feature
is a system that includes a robust protections, such as over-
motor and is continuously current protection (OCP) and over-
variable in speed. temperature protection (OTP).
Motor Drivers (L298)
Definition

The L298 is an integrated monolithic circuit in a 15-lead Multiwatt and PowerSO20 packages.

It is a high voltage, high current dual full-bridge driver designed to accept standard TTL logic levels and drive
inductive loads such as relays, solenoids, DC and stepping motors.

Two enabled inputs are provided to enable or disable the device independently of the input signals.

The emitters of the lower transistors of each bridge are connected together and the corresponding external
terminal can be used for the connection of an external sensing resistor.

An additional supply input is provided so that the logic works at a lower voltage.
 Motor Drivers (L298)
Definition

L298 is a high voltage and high current motor drive chip which receives TTL logic signals.

They are mostly used when:

It is needed to operate different loads like motors and solenoid etc where an H-Bridge is required.
High power motor driver is required.
Control unit can only provide TTL outputs.
Current control and PWM operable single-chip device are needed.

It has two enable inputs to enable or disable the particular device attached at its output independently.
Thus, H-Bridge is basically used to control the rotating direction in DC motors.

An H-bridge is an electronic circuit that uses four switches to control the flow of current to a load, such as a DC
motor
 Direct Current (DC) Motor:

Definition
● DC motors are motors that operate on Direct Current(DC). DC motors are available in several different
configurations from tiny little motors to absolute huge ones. DC motors can be used in robot basics,
quadcopters, model planes and boats.

● DC motors use magnetic fields generated by electrical currents to power a rotor that's attached to the
output shaft. The speed and output torque of a DC motor depend on the motor's design and the electrical
input.

● There are two main types of DC motors: brushed and brushless.

● The two main components of a DC motor are the armature and the stator. The stator is the stationary
part of the motor, while the armature rotates.

● The first DC motor was created by British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. American scientist Thomas
Davenport patented the first working DC motor in 1837
Motor Drivers (L298)
Circuit Diagram
Motor Drivers (L298)

Features and Specifications:

● Maximum motor supply current: 2A per motor.
● Current Sense for each motor.
● Heatsink for better performance.
● Power-On LED indicator.
● Double H bridge Drive Chip: L298N.
● Operating Voltage (VDC): 5 ~ 35
● Peak Current (A): 2
● No. of Channels: 2
● Dimensions in mm (L x W x H): 44 x 44 x 28
● Weight (gm): 25
 Motor Drivers (L298)
Overview

● This is a high power motor driver perfect for driving DC Motors and Stepper Motors. It uses the popular
L298 motor driver IC and has onboard 5V regulator which it can supply to an external circuit. It can
control upto 4 DC motors, or 2 DC motors with directional and speed control

● It can drive motors upto 46V with a total DC current of up to 4A. You can connect the two channels in
parallel to double the maximum current or in series to double the maximum input voltage.

● This motor driver is perfect for robotics and mechatronics projects and perfect for controlling motors from
microcontrollers, switches, relays, etc. Perfect for driving DC and Stepper motors for micromouse, line
following robots, robot arms, etc

● This motor driver uses screw terminals for easy connections, mounting holes for easy mounting, back
EMF protection circuit, heatsink for better heat dissipation and more efficient performance. Another
useful feature is its option for adding two high power resistors for monitoring the current being consumed
by the motor.
3. Motors

Conversion of
Different parts for
Energy
different functions
An electric motor is a device used
to convert electricity into The main parts of a DC motor
mechanical energy—opposite to include:
- Stator
an electric generator. Motors have
- Rotor
many different working parts in
- Commutator
order for them to continually
- Power Sources
rotate, providing power as needed.
- Brushes
 Motors
Overview
Do you want to make things move?
You'll need motors.

Motors need their own power supply;

I don't recommend trying to power any motor from the Arduino pins.

There are three basic kinds of motors:

● DC Motors
● Servo Motors
● Stepper Motors
 Motor Controllers
Overview
Motors are energy hogs. The Arduino isn't designed to put out enough power to push a motor to do any serious
work (like, move a robot arm, or roll the wheels along the floor). This is where the controller comes in.

The controller gets weak signals from the Arduino in the 5 Volt range, very low Amps. The controller is also
connected to a separate power supply, with, say, 12 Volts at 20 Amps -- enough to drive your greedy motors.

The controller also connects to the motor's 4 wires. When the

controller gets a weak signal from the Arduino, it immediately
sends a strong electrical signal to the motor, the motor turns.

Each motor needs its own motor controller.

 5. M2M, F2F and M2F Wires
Male to Male Wires Female to Female Wires
Male-to-male wires connect the male F2F jumper wires are insulated
header pins of one development board to connectors used for temporary or
the male connectors of another. permanent electrical connections
in electronics, particularly IoT
projects.

Male to Female Wires

Male-to-female wires connect
components in electronic projects
without soldering, making them
useful for quick connections.
Male to Male Wires

Overview
● These are male to male jumper wires used in connecting the male header pin of any
development board to other development boards having a male connector.

● They are simple wires that have connector pins at each end allowing them to be used to
connect two points to each other. Jumper wires are typically used with breadboards and
other prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a circuit as needed.

● 40 strip Male to Male jumper wire each cable length about 20cm or 8-inch.
Male to Male Wires
Working
This has two ends where both male ends have a pin protruding and can plug into things. Male-to-male jumper
wires are the most common and what you likely will use most often. When connecting two ports on a
breadboard, a male-to-male wire is used.

Features
It connects two points to each other without soldering
It is reusable
It is inexpensive and easy to use

Applications
It is used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit internally or with
other equipment or components without soldering.
Female to Female Wires
Overview
F2F Jumper Wires are insulated wiring connectors used for making temporary or permanent electrical
connections in various electronics projects, especially in IoT applications. These jumper wires come in a set of
20 pieces with each wire having a length of 20cm (approx. 7.87 inches).

Material:
The jumper wires are made from high-quality copper wires wrapped with insulation material, ensuring good
conductivity and protection against short circuits. The insulation is available in various colors for easy
identification and organization of connections.

Versatility:
They can be used to connect various electronic components like sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, and other
circuit elements. F2F Jumper Wires can also be utilized in breadboards or prototyping circuits where wiring is
required for a short term or long term basis.
Female to Female Wires
Specifications:
Id Specification Details

1 Product Type Female- To- Female Wires

2 Length Variable

4 Material Copper Insulated Wires

5 Pin Material Plated Pins

6 Wire Gauge Standard (AWG- American Wire Gauge)

7 Insulation Type PVC (PolyVinyl Chloride) Jacket

8 Colour Code Colour- Coded for easy identification

9 Operating Temperature -20°C to 80°C

10 Storage Temperature -30°C to +80°C

Male to Female Wires
Overview
Users can implement different wiring styles and mechanisms according to varied project requirements.
Further, the unit comprises a male pin on one end and a female pin on the other end. These connector
pins help users interconnect various breadboard components or test circuits.

Advantages:
● Compatible with 2.54mm spacing pin headers
● 40pcs chromatic color jump wire
● High quality and in good working condition
● Durable and reusable
● Easy to install and use
● A popular choice for construction or repair
● Be used for the electronic project and Genuine Arduino product
● Flexible Breadboard Jumper Cable Wire allows you to plug and unplug easily for prototyping.
 Male to Female Wires

Features
Ease to use.
Ease of interfacing.
Long life.

Utility
It is used in Arduino boards.
It can also use in any AVR/8051/PIC/ARM/Robotics based projects.
Note: Images shown is only for representation. The actual product may vary with the picture shown.
Difference Between M2M, F2F and M2F Wires
9. USB Cord

About Types
The term USB stands for The types of USB Cords or Wires
"Universal Serial Bus". USB cable are:
assemblies are some of the most ● Type-A
popular cable types available, ● Type-B
used mostly to connect computers ● Mini B
to peripheral devices such as Macro B
cameras, camcorders, printers, ● Type-C
scanners, and more.
02
Gesture Control
Control without a word!
 What is a Gesture?
A Gesture is an action or a moment which can make someone
understand or relate to something.

Gesture control is a technology that allows users to interact with

devices and systems by using physical gestures and body
movements that are recognized and interpreted by a computer
system.

Static gestures (e.g., holding up an open hand) and dynamic

gestures (e.g., waving) are common in gesture control systems.

For a gesture to be meaningful:

● It should be short and non-elaborative
● It should be relative to what you want to convey
● It should be Clear and precise

Gesture control can replace traditional input methods in

applications like gaming, robotics, and smart devices.
Need of Gesture Control
Gestures reduce the need for physical input devices like
keyboards.

Gesture control can integrate seamlessly into devices

like AR/VR systems for natural interaction.

Provides user-friendly interaction with systems,

eliminating the need for physical controllers.

Ensures hands-free operation, ideal in sterile

environments like hospitals.

Gesture control improves productivity in industrial

environments by allowing hands-off machine operation.
Types of Control
Systems
● Camera-based systems use sensors to track hand
or body movements in real time.

● Wearable sensors like smartwatches or gloves

detect gestures through motion and muscle
activity.

● Infrared systems detect movement based on

proximity, often used in mobile devices.

● Hybrid systems can combine voice, eye-tracking,

and gestures for more robust control interfaces.
How does it work
● Movements are captured using cameras or
sensors, which process the data for gesture
recognition.

● Preprocessing techniques such as noise filtering

and background subtraction enhance accuracy.

● The system extracts key features like hand

position and velocity to identify gestures

● Real-time systems must process gestures with

minimal latency for seamless interaction
 Early Development
1980s - Initial exploration of computer interaction beyond traditional input devices
-Using Cameras to track hand movements
-Limited by low processing power and rudimentary computer vision
technology

1990s - Computer vision technology improved, allowing better image processing techniques
to track hand movements.
● Examples: Research projects at MIT and early prototypes using rudimentary sensors
for interpreting hand motions.
● Challenges during this time included limited memory, low camera resolution, and slow
processing speeds.
Gaming and
Consumer Devices
Early 2000s - Evolution through Gaming
● Gesture control started gaining more practical attention in gaming

● Sony's EyeToy for the PlayStation 2, used a camera to detect player movements,
allowing users to interact with games through gestures.
● Nintendo's Wii (released in 2006) popularized motion-sensing controllers, though
it relied more on motion control than direct visual gesture recognition.
 Gaming and
Consumer Devices
2010 - Microsoft Kinect
● Kinect used an array of cameras and depth sensors to track the
movement of the entire body in real-time
● Sony's EyeToy for the PlayStation 2, used a camera to detect player
movements, allowing users to interact with games through gestures
● Used depth-sensing technology, based on structured light and later time-
of-flight sensing, allowed precise tracking of body movement in 3D space
● Resolved the need of handheld controllers and spurred a wave of
innovation in gesture control across multiple industries (robotics,
healthcare, and virtual reality)
● Nintendo's Wii (released in 2006) popularized motion-sensing controllers,
though it relied more on motion control than direct visual gesture
recognition.
 Gaming and
Consumer Devices
2013 - Leap Motion
● Released a small, USB-connected device capable of tracking hand
and finger gestures with high precision using infrared cameras.
● Could detect hand movements in 3D space, allowing for fine-grained
gesture control of computers.
● Primarily used in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR)
applications, as well as creative tools like 3D modeling
● Nintendo's Wii (released in 2006) popularized motion-sensing
controllers, though it relied more on motion control than direct visual
gesture recognition.
Mobile Devices

2013 - Gesture Control

● Gesture control made its way into mobile devices, particularly through
Samsung Galaxy S4 (2013) with "Air Gesture," which allowed users to
swipe through content without touching the screen. Other
manufacturers followed suit, integrating gesture recognition into
smartphones and tablets.
 Libraries - OpenCV
2000 - Present:
● One of the most important tools for developing gesture control systems

● Started off as a batch of tools for image recognition

● OpenCV library has evolved over time, providing developers with tools to perform:

● image processing: face detection and hand tracking

● gesture control: contour detection, optical flow,

● machine learning algorithms.

● Supporting Python, C++, and Java, it is a versatile library for developing custom gesture recognition
systems.

● OpenCV provides powerful tools for real-time image and motion analysis, useful in hand tracking.

● The library supports languages like Python and C++, making it flexible for different applications.

● Skin detection algorithms in OpenCV help isolate hands from backgrounds.

● Gesture-controlled drones often use OpenCV to interpret hand movements for flight navigation.
Libraries - OpenCV

Real Time applications:

● OpenCV is widely used in surveillance systems, where it tracks gestures to
trigger security alarms.

● Hand gestures can unlock doors or windows in smart homes, thanks to

OpenCV’s real-time tracking.

● OpenCV is used in robotics competitions to program bots that respond to

hand signals.

● Interactive museum exhibits use OpenCV to let visitors control displays

through gestures.
 Libraries - TensorFlow
1. With the rise of deep learning frameworks like TensorFlow (released by Google in
2015), gesture recognition began leveraging neural networks for more accurate
and reliable gesture tracking. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are now commonly used to recognize complex
gestures in real time.

2. TensorFlow uses machine learning models to recognize complex gestures in real

time.

3. Models like CNNs and RNNs enable TensorFlow to learn from large datasets and
improve accuracy.

4. Gesture recognition in smart devices like phones and tablets leverages TensorFlow
to ensure smooth interactions.

5. TensorFlow’s ability to handle large datasets allows it to recognize subtle gestures,

even in diverse conditions.
Libraries - MediaPipe
● Introduced by Google in 2019; built on TensorFlow; offers pre-trained models for hand
tracking, simplifying development, and a framework for building multimodal
applications.

● These models support real-time hand detection and gesture recognition with minimal
setup.

● MediaPipe Hand Tracking and Pose Estimation have been key innovations for gesture-
based control.

● Gesture-based fitness training apps integrate MediaPipe’s models to track body

movements, monitor form and give real-time feedback during exercises

● Includes ready-to-use solutions for hand and face tracking, body pose estimation, and
more, using machine learning models.

● MediaPipe has become a popular choice for gesture recognition in AR/VR

applications, mobile development, and robotics.

● Provide pre-built pipelines for hand and body gesture recognition, making it easier for
developers to implement gesture control systems without building models from
scratch.
Libraries - Handtrack
● With the growing interest in browser-based applications, tools like HandTrack.js (built
on TensorFlow.js) offer the ability to recognize and track gestures directly in the
browser using JavaScript.
● This allows for gesture control in web applications without the need for additional
software or hardware installations.
Libraries - GRT

1. It is an open-source C++ library designed for real-time

gesture recognition. It provides tools for machine learning,
including classification, regression, clustering, and time-
series prediction, specifically tailored for gesture control
applications.

2. The Gesture Recognition Toolkit (GRT) is designed for real-

time gesture detection, especially in robotics.

3. GRT supports multiple machine learning algorithms for

classifying and predicting gestures.

4. Interactive exhibits often use GRT to recognize gestures and

trigger interactive displays.

5. GRT’s real-time performance is ideal for robotic arms, where

precision is essential for tasks like assembly.
Libraries - GRT

Real Time applications:

1. GRT is integrated into robotic systems to recognize hand signals and control
robotic actions in real time.

2. Factory robots use GRT to respond to hand gestures for starting or stopping
operations.

3. Home assistant robots use GRT to detect gestures and follow human
instructions, like fetching objects.

4. Autonomous drones can be guided by GRT-powered systems that interpret hand

gestures for flight control.
Key Algorithms
● Support Vector Machines (SVM) map gesture data into a multidimensional space for
classification.
● Hidden Markov Models (HMM) are useful for identifying continuous, dynamic
gestures.
● Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) excel at recognizing gestures from visual data
like hand shapes.
● Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) can process sequential data, ideal for tracking
motion over time.
Real Time Applications

1. Gesture control is widely used in gaming, where body movements become

inputs for games like Just Dance.

2. In healthcare, surgeons use gesture-controlled interfaces to manipulate

medical images in the OR.

3. Smart home systems now utilize gestures for controlling devices like lights and
music.

4. Gesture recognition is used in art installations, allowing visitors to interact with

digital art through hand movements.
Current Scope -
Augmented Reality
1. Gesture control in AR allows users to manipulate virtual objects without physical input devices.
2. Microsoft HoloLens is a prime example, allowing users to grab, rotate, or resize holograms in
real-time.
3. AR gestures are used in education, enabling interactive learning experiences.
4. Retail applications of AR let customers visualize products through gesture interaction in
virtual showrooms.
Current Scope- Virtual
Reality
● In VR environments, gestures provide a natural way to navigate and
interact with virtual worlds.

● Oculus Quest uses hand tracking to allow users to select, drag, and
drop items without controllers.

● VR training programs utilize gestures for immersive experiences,

like virtual surgery simulations.

● Gaming in VR increasingly depends on gesture controls to make

environments feel more lifelike.
Current Scope - Industrial
Robotics
1. Gesture control enables operators to guide industrial robots for
tasks like object picking or assembly.

2. ABB YuMi robots can interpret human gestures to work

collaboratively alongside workers in factories.

3. Warehouse robots use gesture-based signals to navigate

safely around human workers.

4. In automotive production, robots are controlled by workers

through gestures to ensure precision in tasks.
Current Scope - Collaborative
Robots (Cobots)
● Cobots respond to human gestures to assist in tasks like
lifting or assembling components.

● Gesture systems ensure safe human-robot interaction,

preventing accidents in shared workspaces.

● Gesture training for cobots helps reduce the learning curve

in manufacturing.

● In logistics, cobots follow workers' gestures to move or

retrieve items.
Prospects-
Challenges
1. Accuracy and Robustness: One of the main challenges in gesture control systems is ensuring
high accuracy in recognizing gestures in various lighting conditions, backgrounds, and for different
users. Models that can generalize well across diverse environments are critical for mass adoption.

2. Latency and Processing Power: Real-time gesture recognition requires low-latency systems
capable of handling large amounts of data from sensors. With the rise of edge computing and more
powerful processors in consumer devices, this challenge is being mitigated.

3. Natural Interaction: Future systems aim to create more seamless and intuitive gesture control
experiences, where gestures feel natural and are easy to learn. Improving feedback mechanisms
and the ability to customize gestures are important directions for user experience (UX).

4. Hybrid Systems: Combining gesture control with other input methods, such as voice control and
eye-tracking, is seen as the next step in creating more holistic and accessible interfaces.
Prospects-
Challenges
Accuracy

● Accuracy is often impacted by environmental conditions such as lighting and background

noise.

● Gesture recognition systems must account for diverse user behaviors, like different hand sizes
and motion speeds.

● Gesture-controlled kiosks struggle in crowded environments due to overlapping signals.

● Wearable tech can mitigate accuracy issues by capturing muscle movements directly from
the source.
Prospects-
Challenges
User-Specific Variability

● Variability in hand size, motion speed, and posture can create challenges in gesture
recognition.

● Training AI models on diverse datasets can improve system adaptability across different users.

● Inclusive design of gesture systems must consider a wide range of physical capabilities.

● Systems in public spaces need to recognize gestures across demographics, from children to
the elderly.
Prospects-
Future
1. Natural Interaction: Future systems aim to create more
seamless and intuitive gesture control experiences, where
gestures feel natural and are easy to learn. Improving feedback
mechanisms and the ability to customize gestures are important
directions for user experience (UX).

2. Hybrid Systems: Combining gesture control with other input

methods, such as voice control and eye-tracking, is seen as the
next step in creating more holistic and accessible interfaces.
Prospects-
Future
Hybrid Systems

● Hybrid systems combine gesture control with other inputs like voice
recognition and eye-tracking.

● Such systems will offer more intuitive interactions for users, creating a more
seamless experience.

● Gesture-voice combinations are expected to dominate smart homes,

where users can trigger actions with both.

● AI-enhanced feedback loops will allow systems to adapt gestures to user

preferences over time.
Prospects-
Future
AI and Gesture Prediction

● AI-driven gesture control systems will predict the user’s next move, enhancing system responsiveness.

● Machine learning models will improve the recognition of subtle gestures, increasing precision.

● Predictive gestures in gaming could allow systems to anticipate player actions, making gameplay
smoother.

● Smart appliances will use predictive AI to adjust settings based on recurring gesture patterns.
Prospects-
Future
Gesture Control in Autonomous Vehicles

● In self-driving cars, gestures can control media playback,

temperature settings, and more.

● Tesla and BMW are experimenting with gesture control

for entertainment systems and navigation.

● Safety features might include gesture-based emergency

stops, allowing passengers to halt the car with a hand
signal.

● Gesture systems in cars will enhance passenger comfort by

reducing the need to interact with traditional controls.
 Gestures for the Bot
Two fingers (Forward) Fist (Backward)
We will be using the 2-finger Hand We will be using the fist Gesture
Gesture (Index and Middle Finger) for (Parallel to the Device/ Phone)
the bot to move FORWARD. for the bot to move BACKWARDS.
Hand open
(Stop)
To stop the Bot from moving, we
need to show our hand, All Fingers
open

Thumbs Up (Left) Thumbs Down (Right)

Giving a Thumbs-Up Gesture, the bot The bot will move to the RIGHT by
will move to the LEFT giving a Thumbs-Down Gesture
03
Code Setup
Let’s Code Up!!!
What is Arduino ?

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It’s
designed to make electronics accessible to anyone

● Microcontroller board: Arduino is a microcontroller, a small computer that can read inputs
(sensors, buttons) and control outputs (LEDs, motors)

● Wide Range of Applications: Arduino can be used for robotics, interactive projects,
automation, and much more

● Open-source: Both the hardware and software are free and open to modifications, encouraging
innovation
Arduino IDE Setup

Download Arduino IDE – Go to arduino.cc and download the latest version for your operating
system.

Install Drivers (for Windows) – Ensure drivers for the ESP32 and other boards are installed.

Select the Right Board – Go to Tools > Board and choose ESP32

Select the Port – Choose the correct COM port where your ESP32 is connected (via Tools > Port).

Install Required Libraries – Go to Sketch > Include Library > Manage Libraries and install any
necessary libraries for gesture recognition or ESP32 (AsyncUDP.h, Arduino.h, WiFi.h)

Upload Example Code – Open an example sketch (e.g., "Blink") and upload it to verify the setup
THANK YOU!!
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