Music
Of
Southeast
Asia
2nd Quarter
Week 1 and 2
GRADE 8
Explores ways of producing sounds on
a variety of sources that would
simulate instruments being studied;
MU8SE-Ic-h-5
Improvises simple accompaniment to
selected Southeast Asian music:
MU8SE-Ic-h-6
REVIEW
GUESS THE
Instrument
Cambo
dia
PinPeat
Indone
sia
Gamela
n
Myanmar
Hsang
Waing
Malaysia
Kuda Kepang
Gendang Keling
Thailan
d
Piphat
Laos
Vietna
m
Imperia
l, Folk,
Religio
us
Singap
ore
Orchest
ra
Brunei
Folk
Music
Music greatly influenced the lives of the
people in Southeast Asia as depicted in
their daily living. It is related to
ceremonies connected to beliefs, state,
and community affairs. Musical division
does exist between the urban and rural
areas. It has many musical styles of
which some are related to culture
reflected through timbre, rhythm, melody,
texture, and style
Aerophones (Wind
Instruments or brass
instruments) – are musical
instruments that will sound
through air vibration like
flutes, saxophones,
trumpets, and tubas.
Chordophones
(Stringed Instruments)
– are musical
instruments that will
sound using the
vibration of strings.
Examples of this kind
are guitars, bows,
harps, lutes, and
zithers.
Membranophones
(Percussion Instruments)
– are musical instruments
that will sound through
the vibration of a
stretched membrane.
Example of this category
are drums.
Idiophones – are musical
instruments that vibrate
itself when struck, shaken
or scraped to produce a
sound. It is made out of
glass, metal, ceramics,
and wood such as bamboo
tubes, cymbals, gongs,
rattles, wood blocks, and
xylophones.
An electronic musical
instrument or electrophone is
a musical instrument that
produces sound using
electronic circuitry. Such an
instrument sounds by
outputting an electrical,
electronic or digital
audio signal that ultimately is
plugged into a power amplifier
which drives a loudspeaker,
creating the sound heard by
Cambod
ia
Cambod
ia
Cambodian court music is roughly like the music
of Java, Indonesia. Its musical art is highly
influenced by ancient forms as well as Hindu
forms. Their music is also absorbed and adopted
from Indian, Chinese, and European which
resulted to a distinct Cambodian culture.
Cambod
(194) Pin peat of the
ia
Royal Court of Cambo
dia at Angkor Wat tem
ple - YouTube
Pinpeat – stringed and percussion
instruments used to accompany
dances, in
praying to God or spirit, and other
ceremonies.
Roneath (xylophone in metal or bamboo)
Kong (percussion instrument surrounding the player) (gong
circles)
Skor Thom (a very
big drum, which has
two faces, for making
the rhythm
Sampho (a big drum,
which has two faces, for
making the rhythm)
Sro Lai (a big
recorder)
Chhoeng (percussion
instrument hitting each other
for making rhythm)
(finger cymbals)
Mohory – stringed instruments that
can only be used to accompany
dance, theatre,
wedding, and other ceremonies.
Khoem (with 35
horizontal strings
instrument)
Ta Khe (with 3 horizontal
strings instrument)
Tro (with vertical
strings instrument)
Khloy (recorder)
Indones
ia
There are two Basic Kinds of
Indonesian Music Scsle:
1. Slendro- five(5) equidistant tone in
Octave.
2. Peloq – Heptatonic (7) tone scale
with semi tone.
Both Vocal and Instrumental music in indnesia
use Slendro and peloq scales.
1. Polyphonic – stratification kind of melody is
a result of hocker/interlock.
2. Interlocking – is common technique used in
gong ensembles.
Indones
(194) Sound Tracker - Ga
melan (Indonesia) - YouT
ia
ube
Singing has become one of the talents of Indonesians. Not just a common
Indonesian but even the president sings his favorite song during gatherings.
Indonesian music was enriched with interaction with other cultures such as Indian,
Arabic, Chinese, and European leading to a wider range of musical styles. Its
contemporary music has reached countries outside its boundaries..
Gamelan or gamelan orchestra is an Indonesian ensemble composed of 50 to
80 instruments which accompany shadow puppet plays and other major events like
special ceremonies and weddings
Instrumen
ts
in
• Metallophones metal xylophones
saron (with seven bronze keys and no resonators, played with hard
mallets)
gender (with bamboo resonators, played with soft mallets).
slentem is similar to the gender except it has lesser keys.
• bonangs (small bronze kettles mounted on the frame and struck by a pair of
long sticks bound with chords)
• gambang (xylophone with hardwood bars struck with sticks made of buffalo
horn),
• suling (bamboo flute)
• rehab (two-string fiddle of Arab origin)
• siter or celempung (zithers)
• celempung has 26 strings organized in 13 pairs that stretch over a coffin-like
• soundboard supported with four legs.
• gongs - kenong, ketuk and kempul
• drums - Kendnag are drums beaten by hand. The bedug is a drum struck with
a stick.
Different instruments in Gamelan.
Myanm
ar
Music of Myanmar has
similarity with other music
tradition:
1.Thai Music
2.China music
( because its long border is share in
China)
The Hsaing Waing: Ensemble.
Is Myanmar’s Traditional Folk
Music
Its is made up mainly of different
gongs and drums as well as other
instrument depending on the
nature of performance
The musical instruments are categorized into
two namely: anyeint
(instruments played in concerts)
hsaing-waing (instruments played for
orchestra).
Myanmar’s music instrument are categorize
into 2 types:
1. The Loud sounding instruments:
Are Performed in Open-air Ensembles at
Ceremonies and Festivals.
Most of the Hsaing Waing instruments
belong ,to the loud sounding category.
2. The Soft sounding instruments:
Usually used in indoor ensembles
Myanmar is formerly known as Burma which has more than 100 ethnic
groups. Its traditional music is an indispensable factor in the spiritual life of its
people. Its music has similarities with many other musical traditions including
Chinese music and Thai music...
Burmese music emphasizes inner melody whose music sounds are richly
theatrical. The musical instruments are categorized into two namely: anyeint
(instruments played in concerts) and hsaing-waing (instruments played for
orchestra).
The hsaing waing is the country’s traditional folk music ensemble performing
at ceremonies and festivals without xylophone and stringed instruments. It only has:
• Hne (a double-reed pipe)
• Chauk Lon Pat (a set of 8 tuned drums)
• Maung Hsaing (larger bronze gongs in a rectangular frame)
• Pat waing (a set of 21 drums in a circle)
• Kyi waing (small bronze gongs in a circular frame)
The national instrument of Myanmar is called saung gauk. It is usually played
during formal occasions.
Hsaing Waing
Directions: Match
the name and
pictures of the A
instruments in
column A & B with
b
the characteristics
of instruments in
column C. Write C
the letter of the
correct answer on
D
a separate sheet
of paper.
E
A
1.A 1
2.B 4 b
3.C 5
4.D 2 C
5.E 3
D
E
Direction: Put a
check mark (/)
on a column
that
corresponds to
the classification
of the
instrument.
APPLICATION
Assignment
Malaysi
a
Malaysia is a Constitutional Monarchy in Southeast
Asia. 2 Regions.
West Malaysia – also known as Penisular Malaysia.
East Malaysia – Consists of thirteen states and three
federal territories.
Chinese and ,India cultural influences made their mark
when trade began in the country. Trading also increased
when immigrants flocked to Malaysia.
The Country is Multi-ethnic and Multi-Cultural, Which
Plays large role in developing their culture.
The Constitution declares Islam the state religion while
protecting freedom of religion:
Multi race:
1. Malay 4. Iban 7. Eurasians
2. Chinese 5. Dayak
3. Indian 6. Kadazandusun
Malaysian Music is Largely
round percussion instruments.
It has multicultural influence
and is believed to have
originated in the Kelantan-
Pattani region with a mixture of
Indian, Chinese, thai and
Indonesian influences.
The Music of Malaysia may be categorized
into two types:
1. Classical and Folk Music emerged during
the pre-colonial period and still exists in the
form of vocal , dance and theatrical music.
2. Syncretic or Acculturated music developed
during the post-Portuguese period(16th
century). It Contains elements from both
local music and foreign elements of
Arabian, Persian, Indian, Chinese and
Western music and theatrical sources.
Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural land with Chinese, Indians, and
indigenous people who all share a unique cultural identity. In general, its music may
be categorized as:
Classical and folk – exists as vocal, dance and theatrical music which emerged during
the pre-colonial period.
Syncretic (or acculturated music) – music influenced by other cultures including
Arabian, Persian, Indian, Chinese, and other Western countries.
Here are different kinds of musical ensembles in Malaysia:
Agung and Kulintang – a musical ensemble composed of small, horizontally
laid gongs, accompanied by larger, suspended gongs and drums used in funerals
and weddings.
Here are different kinds of musical ensembles in Malaysia:
Kertok – a musical ensemble that consists of xylophones played in traditional
Malay events.
Dikir Barat – a musical ensemble that performs choral singing with or without
percussion instrumental accompaniment.
Silat Melayu – a combative art of self-defense combined with dance and music
designed to strike assaults like t’ai chi accompanied by gongs, drums, and
Indian oboes.
Agung and kulintang
Thailan
d
Formerly known as SIAM, Thailand is
known for being the sole nation in
Southeast Asia that has never been
ruled by a Western power.
It is for this reason that the country is
also called “ Muang Thai” Which
Means “ Land of the free”
Its musical Principle and elements are basically Derived
from Chinese Music.
Instrument are inspired from Indian and Indonesian
strings and gong –chimes.
Thais use this then adapted and combined this to their
culture and create their own unique music.
Music is theoretically based on 5-tone or 7
tone scale system. Same with Indonesia
Slendro and Peloq.
.
Thai folk music consists of simple songs
with simple melodic lines. Its main focus in
singing is the articulation of the text rather
than the style or techniques of execution.
The Music of Thailand flourished despite occasional oppression from monarchs
like Rama and the burning of Ayutthaya. However, European and American music
have become extremely influential as well as the Asian music.
There are two popular styles of traditional Thai music. First is the ‘lukthung’
which is developed in the mid-20th century whose music usually talks about daily
trials and tribulations of rural Thai. The second one is ‘mor lam’ which is dominant
folk music that speaks about the poor conditions in rural areas.
There are three musical ensembles of Thailand:
1. Piphat – performs with a hard and padded mallet on occasions like funerals,
cremation ceremony and during the holding of shadow puppetry.
• khongwong (gong circles)
• renat (Thai xylophones)
• klong (different kinds of drums)
• klui (recorder)
• diddley bow (a large single-stringed instrument that sounds like a bass)
• kaen (reed mouth organ)
• picnai (oboe-like instrument)
2. Khrueangsai – combines percussion and wind instruments for indoor
performances used to accompany the stick-puppet theater.
• saw duang (a high-pitched two-string bowed lute)
• saw u (the lower-pitched bowed lute)
• jakhe (the three-string plucked zither).
• khlui (vertical fipple flute) in several sizes and ranges
• goblet drum (thon-rammana)
• a small hammered Chinese dulcimer
3. Mahori – traditionally played by court women which prefer small-sized
instruments combined from Piphat and Khrueangsai instruments during
special occasions. At present, a regular-sized instrument is used.
• three-string saw samsai fiddle.
Laos
The traditional music of Laos has similarities with that of Thailand and
Cambodia. This is also true in the names of their musical instruments. During
Buddhist Holidays, performances of Laotian music can be observed.
The term ‘Lao’ is derived from ‘penglaodeu music. Historical records indicate that
these songs are influenced bym’ which refers to the traditional songs that describe
royal court ancient Khmer traditions and the mountainous ethnic groups.
Laos’ musical ensemble is categorized into two:
1. Sep Nyai – uses instruments that are percussive; similar to Thai’s piphat.
2. Sep Noi – uses khene which is a mouth organ made of bamboo; similar to
Thai’s mahori.
Vietnam
Because of Chinese colonization of the country for ten years, Vietnamese
music and its instruments were mostly of Chinese origin.
The music of Vietnam is divided depending on its use. The major categories are:
• Imperial court music – used to honor gods and scholars in temples
• Folk music – performed in theaters, streets, courtship rituals, and ceremonies
for invoking spirits
• Religious and ceremonial music – sang in religious rituals or at funerals
Three main styles of music in Vietnam.
1. Hue style – refers to solo musical pieces accompanied by moon lute, small
drum, tongs, cymbals, and flute.
2. Northern professional style – musical performances usually accompanied by lute.
3. Southern amateur style – incorporates more of western instruments such as violins
and Hawaiian guitars
Singapo
re
Due to British Empire colonization, Singapore’s culture and population are
highly influenced by Western way of life. Its folk music was influenced by Chinese,
Indian Malays, Tamils, and other minority Asian ethnic groups. It has two types of
orchestra:
• Singapore Symphony Orchestra – known for playing music with western
influences
• Singapore Chinese Orchestra – performs ethnic music with Malay and Indian
influence
Singapore Symphony Orchestra
Singapore Chinese Orchestra
Traditional instruments of Singapore include:
• Kulintang
• Kompang
• Angklung
• Gamelan instruments
Due to British Empire colonization, Singapore’s culture and population are
highly influenced by Western way of life. Its folk music was influenced by Chinese,
Indian Malays, Tamils, and other minority Asian ethnic groups. It has two types of
orchestra:
• Singapore Symphony Orchestra – known for playing music with western
influences
• Singapore Chinese Orchestra – performs ethnic music with Malay and Indian
influence
ACTIVITY
Evaluation
1. C
2. C
3. A 1. Idiophone
4. B 2. Membranophone
5. D 1.Banduria 3. Membranophone
6. C 2. Guitar 4. Idiophone
7. A 3. Bayo De Aro 5. Idiophone
8. C 4. Octavina 6. Chordophone
9. D 5. Laud 7. Aerophone
10. B 8. Aerophone
11. C 9. Idiophone
12. A 10. Idiophone
13. D
14. B
15. A
Do you have any question?
1. What ensemble in Thailand is traditionally played by women?
A. Krueang Sai
B. Mahori
C. Morlam
D. Piphat
2. Which traditional Thai music tells about the daily trials and tribulations of
rural Thai?
A. Khreang Sai
B. Lukthung
C. Mahori
D. Morlam
3. Which traditional song describes royal court music?
A. Celempung
B. Metallophones
C. Monarchy
D. Penglaodeum
4.What style of Vietnamese music incorporates more of Western instruments
such as violins and Hawaiian guitars?
A. Hue style
B. Ceremonial Music style
C. Southern Amateur style
D. Northern professional Style
5.Which orchestra in Singapore plays ethnic music?
A. Singapore court music
B. Singapore religious music
C. Singapore Chinese Orchestra
D. Singapore Symphony Orchestra
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on your paper.
1. What is the name of an orchestra that performs the ceremonial music of the
royal courts and temples of Cambodia?
A. Angkor Wat
B. Oneat
C. Pinpeat
D. Samphor
2. What is the traditional / national instrument of Myanmar it is
13 string angular harp and it is soft sounding.
A. Tro
B. Saung Gauk
C. Pinpeat
D. Samphor
3. What is the traditional musical ensemble of Indonesia?
A. Gamelan
B. Kertok
C. Mahori
D. Pinpeat
4. What musical ensemble of Malaysia utilizes small, horizontally-laid gongs
accompanied by larger, suspended gongs and drums used in funerals and
weddings?
A. Kertok
B. Dikir Barat
C. Silat Melayu
D. Agung and Kulintang
5. Which Malaysian ensemble performs choral singing with or without
instrumental accompaniment?
A. Kertok
B. Dikir Barat
C. Silat Melayu
D. Agung and Kulintang
4. Which Malaysian ensemble performs choral singing with or without
instrumental accompaniment?
A. Kertok
B. Dikir Barat
C. Silat Melayu
D. Agung and Kulintang
Answer:
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. C
Answer:
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
Activity: (Groupings)
Draw and make your own style of instrument that you can use during different
kinds of events, like some of the instruments in Southeast Asia.
Materials:
• oslo paper
• crayons
• pencil
• marker
