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The document provides a comprehensive overview of number properties, specifically focusing on the highest common factor (HCF) and lowest common multiple (LCM) using lists and prime factorization. It includes methods for finding HCF and LCM through examples, factor trees, and Venn diagrams. Additionally, it emphasizes the application of prime factorization in solving related problems and exercises.

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Manimekalai
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6 views

Powerpoint

The document provides a comprehensive overview of number properties, specifically focusing on the highest common factor (HCF) and lowest common multiple (LCM) using lists and prime factorization. It includes methods for finding HCF and LCM through examples, factor trees, and Venn diagrams. Additionally, it emphasizes the application of prime factorization in solving related problems and exercises.

Uploaded by

Manimekalai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number Properties

Lowest Common Multiple


and Highest Common Factor
Learning Objective
• To understand and be able to solve problems involving highest common
factors, lowest common multiples and prime factorisation.

Success Criteria
• To find the HCF and LCM of a pair of numbers using lists.
• To express numbers as products of their prime factors.
• To apply prime factorisation to finding the HCF and LCM, as well as
solving problems involving properties of numbers.
Starter: Using Lists to Find the
Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
The multiples of 15 are:
15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, …
The multiples of 12 are:
12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180, …

60, 120 and 180 are common multiples of 15 and 12.


(Common means that they are shared by both 15 and 12.)
The lowest common multiple of 12 and 15 is 60.
We say that LCM (12, 15) = 60
Why would you never be asked to find the
highest common multiple of two numbers?

Now find the LCM of 8 and 6.

The multiples of 8 are 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48,


…
The multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36,
…
The LCM of 8 and 6 is 24.
Starter: Using Lists to Find the
Highest Common Factor (HCF)
The factors of 30 are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15 and 30.
The factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24.

The common factors of 30 and 24 are 1, 2, 3, and 6.


The highest common factor of 30 and 24 is 6.
HCF (30, 24) = 6

Why would you not usually be asked to find


the lowest common factor of two numbers?

Now find the HCF of 14 and 21.

The factors of 14 are 1, 2, 7 and 14.


The factors of 21 are 1, 3, 7 and 21.
The HCF of 14 and 21 is 7.
Using a Factor Tree for Prime
Factorisation
If you are asked to find 30 as the product of prime factors, you are aiming
to find the prime numbers which multiply together to give 30.

A factor tree is a good way to prime factorise a number.

Begin with the number 30, draw two lines coming out of it and think of two
numbers which multiply to give 30; do not use the number 1.

30

10 3
Using a Factor Tree for
Prime Factorisation
Now, circle any numbers that are prime. In this example, 3 is the only prime

number so far.

Where a number is not prime, you will need to find 2 numbers that multiply
to give that number; neither of them should be 1.

10 is not prime. 5 multiplied by 2 is 10, so we write those numbers at the


end of the lines coming out of 10.
30

10 3

5 2
Using a Factor Tree for
Prime Factorisation
Now, again, circle any numbers that are prime, in this case, the 5 and the 2.

When all of the numbers at the ends of the lines are circled, the factor tree
is complete. The circled numbers are the prime factors.
30 = 2 x 3 x 5, written as the product of prime factors.

30

10 3

5 2
Prime Factorisation
Working independently, use a factor tree to write 480 as the product of
prime factors.
Neither 48 nor 10 are
prime, so we draw You may have split 480
lines coming out of
48 differently but you
48
each. 8 multiplied by 48 0 1 should end up with the
48 0 1 6 is 48 and 5 same final answer. We
6 0 5
8 2
0 multiplied by 2 is 10, can begin by splitting it
so we put those into 48 and 10.
numbers at the end
of our lines.
48 At the end of our lines, 48 We need to circle the
we now have 6, 8, 2
4 0 1 and 5. 2 and 5 are 4 0 1 2s and the 3 and find a
way of expressing 4 as
6 8 8 20 5 prime, so we circle 6 8 8 20 5 a product; that would
them. We must think of be 2 multiplied by 2.
2 3 2 4 pairs of numbers which 2 3 2 4 Those 2s should also
multiply to give 6 and be circled as they too,
8.
2 2
are primes.
So 480 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5, written as the product of primes.

Written in index notation: 480 = 25 x 3 x 5


Using Prime Factorisation to Find
HCF and LCM
Prime factorisation can be used to find the lowest common multiple or the
highest common factor of two or more numbers. We will use prime
factorisation to find the highest common factor and the lowest common
multiple of 48 and 252.

48 25
Creating a prime
8 6 Creating a prime factor 6 2 4 factor tree for 252, we
tree for 48, we see that
4 2 2 3 7 3
9 2 2 see that 252 = 22 x 32
x 7 as the product of
2 2 48 = 24 x 3 3 3 primes.
Using a Venn Diagram to Find
HCF and LCM
48 252

Draw 2 overlapping circles and


label them 48 and 252.

48 252
Enter the prime factors into the 2 2 7
relevant places within the circles. 3
48 = 24 x 3
2 2 3
252 = 22 x 32 x 7

Notice that two 2s and a 3 are in the overlap because these are the factors
that are common to both. The other factors are placed just within one circle,
not the overlap.
Using a Venn Diagram to Find
HCF and LCM
From this diagram, we can find the highest common factor and the lowest
common multiple of 252 and 48.

48 252
2 2 7
3
2 2 3

To find the highest common factor, we take all of the numbers in the
overlap and multiply them together.
HCF (252, 48) = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12

For the lowest common multiple, we take all of the numbers inside the
diagram and multiply them together.
LCM (252, 48) = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 7 = 1008
Using Prime Factorisation to
Solve Problems
Use prime factorisation to show that 3136 is a square number.

This can be written as

This can be written as (2 x 2 x 2 x 7)2 and 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 = 56 so 3136 = 562


Activity Sheet
Now work through the exercises on the Activity Sheet.
Plenary: Finding a Factor
with a Given Number Property
Use prime factorisation to find the highest factor of 2835 which is not a
multiple of 3.
2835 = 3⁴ x 5 x 7

5 x 7 = 35 is the highest factor of 2835 which is not a multiple of 3.

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