DELIVER A

PREPARED OR
IMPROMPTU TALK
ON AN ISSUE
EMPLOYING THE
TECHNIQUES IN
PUBLIC SPEAKING
Quarter 2 Module 6
PUBLIC SPEAKING

Public speaking is one of the most

feared things for many people – in
fact, some public surveys show fear
of public speaking as higher than
fear of death.
-SPC101:FundamentalsofOralCommunication
FOUR MAIN TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
ACCORDING TO DELIVERY:

1.EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECHES
- are speeches that are carefully prepared and practiced by the
speaker before the actual speaking time. A speaker will utilize notes or
an outline as a guide while they are delivering the speech. The notes or
outline will usually include any quotes and sources the speaker wants to
cite in the presentation, as well as the order the information in the
speech should be delivered in. The speech is delivered as if the speaker
is having a conversation with the audience. Since the speaker is not
reading the entire speech, the extemporaneous speaker uses the notes
as a guide only – a sort of memory trigger – and the speaker will also be
able to respond to the audience since her head isn’t trapped by reading
every word on a paper. This is the type of public speaking one should
strive to use in informative and persuasive speeches as this is most
practical type of public speaking.
FOUR MAIN TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
ACCORDING TO DELIVERY:

2. IMPROMPTU SPEECHES
- are speeches that are delivered
without notes or a plan, and without any formal
preparation – they are very spontaneously
delivered. This is one of the most nerve wracking
situations for most students to find themselves
in because there isn’t a plan or agenda to follow
– they just have to get up and speak without any
“thinking” time.
FOUR MAIN TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
ACCORDING TO DELIVERY:

3.MANUSCRIPT SPEECHES
- are speeches that are delivered with a script of
the exact words to be used. If they have to give a speech, most
students prefer to have every single word in front of them so
they can basically “read” the speech to the audience.
-While this is very reassuring for a speaker and they
feel like they won’t “forget” anything if they have every word in
front of them, manuscript speaking is one of the worst traps to
fall into for a speaker. The speaker who utilizes a complete
manuscript will often spend more time looking at the script than
at the audience. By doing this, the speaker is unable to react to
the audience or respond to the audience members questions.
Therefore, the manuscript becomes a trap for the speaker.
FOUR MAIN TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
ACCORDING TO DELIVERY:

4. MEMORIZED SPEECHES
- are speeches that are committed to
memory. The speaker completely memorizes the text
of a speech and then delivers the speech from
memory without reliance on notes or an outline.
- This is a very fearful speaking situation
for most people because they fear they will forget
what they had planned on saying when they get in
front of the group – and, they might make a fool of
themselves in front of the audience if they forget
what to say.
THREE MAIN TYPES OF
PUBLIC SPEAKING
ACCORDING TO ITS
PURPOSE
THREE MAIN TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING ACCORDING
TO ITS PURPOSE:

1. THE INFORMATIVE SPEECH

As the word “informative” implies, an informative speech
“informs” those in attendance by providing them with
information. Therefore, the speaker is a teacher, and his or
her purpose is to educate the audience regarding a topic;
and that topic may be an object, an event, a concept, or a
process. This is most practical type of public speaking – the
type you are most likely use in a real life situation when you
might be asked to give a formal presentation.
THREE MAIN TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING ACCORDING
TO ITS PURPOSE:

2. THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH

A persuasive speech usually challenges an

audience’s beliefs and/or tries to move those in
attendance to change existing viewpoints or at least
recognize the validity of opposing viewpoints. For this
reason persuasive speeches are the most difficult to
deliver, at least successfully, since they usually deal
with controversial topics about which people in the
audience already hold strong, deeply engrained
THREE MAIN TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING ACCORDING
TO ITS PURPOSE:

3. SPEECHES FOR SPECIAL OCCASIONS

There are myriad special
occasions in life, for example, birthdays,
anniversaries, graduations, weddings, bar
mitzvahs, christenings, award
presentations, retirement dinners, and
funerals. In fact, there are so many special
occasions that it’s impossible to list them.
Regardless of the occasion, however, there are several important
points to keep in mind:
▪ The speech must fit the occasion. If the occasion is
formal, for example, the speech should be as well; but
if the occasion is casual, the speech should reflect a
similar mood.
▪ The speech must meet the allotted time. Speakers
should be neither too brief nor too longwinded.
▪ Intended remarks must be accurate. For example, if
someone is presenting an award and intends to begin
with interesting facts about the recipient, these facts
must be correct.
TECHNIQUES IN
SPEECH
DELIVERY
Speech Delivery is the combination of what
you say (the content of your speech) and
how you say it (the delivery) that will
convince, persuade, entertain, inspire or
inform your audience. There are several
components to delivery. You will use two
powerful instruments – your body and your
voice.
The term "mechanics" refers to the
physical mannerisms of the speaker
and his or her voice. How your body
moves, what you look at and how
you modulate your voice can
drastically alter the impact of your
speech.
1. USING YOU BODY:

Stance
✓ Stand firmly on two feet - do not lean, slouch or tilt.
✓ Avoid leaning on chairs, tables, etc.
✓ Hands out of the pockets, moving them for useful and effective
gesturing when necessary.
✓ Use of a lectern - use only when you have to rely on notes.
 Avoid its use when possible by moving it away or stepping in front of
it.
Movement
✓ Some people find movement natural. Pacing is acceptable especially
in a long speech. However, if you are going to pace, do so slowly, never
turn your back on the audience, and walk in a triangle. Move a few steps
away from the lectern towards the audience at an angle.
1. USING YOU BODY:

Appearance
✓ Dress neatly. Appearance and dress can influence your
audience no matter who is in attendance. For the competition, all
contestants will wear C-2 Standard Duty Dress with no
accoutrements (i.e. lanyard, white belt, gaiters, etc.).
Eye Contact
✓ Lift your eyes and look at your audience. Watch the
audience carefully for reactions - you should be able to easily
detect boredom, lack of understanding, interest or annoyance. Do
not keep your eyes glued to notes or read notes at length - this is
a certain way to lose the attention of your audience.
1. USING YOU BODY:

Facial Expression

✓ You can do a great deal with your eyes and smile; a smile
early in your speech can do wonders. Set the mood of your talk or parts of it with
the way you look at the audience. Be careful of inappropriate expressions. For
instance, if you are talking about something sad, it is inappropriate to have a wide
smile. If you deliver a joke, but your face is frowning, no one will know that you
intended to be funny.

Gestures
✓ Emphasis and expression with the hands is another
technique. A few, careful, non-offensive gestures may enhance a speech
provided they are purposeful and pertinent to the point the speaker is
attempting to make. Overuse will simply detract from the speech.
2. USING YOU VOICE:
Volume
✓ Speak loudly enough for all to clearly hear. Do not be afraid to
use extra volume to emphasize, but lowering your voice to barely
a whisper can be effective as a technique for emphasis, providing
you have the full attention of your audience to start with. In
general, vary the volume according to what you want to stress.

Pace of Speaking
✓ Strive for a good rhythm. Avoid speaking too fast or too
slowly. Use pauses to emphasize something. The pause can be in
the middle or at the end of a sentence. Practice the effective use
of pauses and listen to the way good speakers use them.
3. STYLE:
Style is a difficult thing to describe. Style involves
elements of content and speech mechanics, but there
is more to it. Let's suppose two people are given an
outline of a speech and both are good speakers, aware
of good speech mechanics. Let's say that both give a
good speech. It is more than likely the speeches would
be very different. Some of the differences might be in
the content, but a large part of this difference would
be labelled "style".
Style includes such elements as:
▪Humor and Wit
✓ Entertaining speeches require careful preparation. One can
be humorous and entertaining and still have a serious and
worthwhile message. Keep your humour relevant and suited to
the audience. You can entertain just as well with a witty choice of
words, and style of presentation as with a joke.
▪ Spontaneity
✓ Do not feel you have to keep to a carefully prepared script. If
new and relevant thoughts occur, you can make use of them. If
you are sensitive to the mood of the audience you may want to
modify your presentation to get a positive reaction from the
audience.
Style includes such elements as:
▪ Suitability of Language
✓ The language used should be appropriate for the
age and
experience of the audience and suitable for the topic.

▪ Originality
✓ Try to make every speech original in both the
presentation of the material and the techniques you
use for delivery.
▪ Poise
✓ Be relaxed, comfortable, self-assured, and in control.
TECHNIQUES IN
SPEECH
PREPARATION
1. THE INTRODUCTION

Your introduction can be used to gain

attention, give attention, give a
favorable impression of yourself, create
the right state of mind in your listeners,
lead into the subject, state the central
idea or indicate the division to be
developed.
You may wish to:
(a) Explain the terms being used and offer
qualifications / limitations when needed;
(b) Begin with a personal experience designed
to identify with the listeners;
(c) Ask a question or series of questions;
(d) State a relevant quotation;
(e) Challenge your audience with a startling
statement; (f) Amuse your audience; and
(g) Some or all of the above.
2. THE BODY

The most important part of the speech is the body. How you
structure the body depends on your purpose. Are you trying to
entertain, to persuade, or to inform?
There are seven structures that you should consider:
a. Logical or topical;
b. Chronological;
c. Spatial;
d. Classification;
e. Problem - Solution;
f. Cause - Effect; and
g. Any combination of the above.
3. THE CONCLUSION

The conclusion should end the speech on a high note and

should, as much as possible, relate back to the
introduction.
During the conclusion, you should:

a. Make the audience aware that the speech is

drawing to a close;
b. Leave no doubt in your audience's mind about the
concept or process you are trying to explain, the
belief you have tried to establish, or the action you
wish the audience to take;
c. Leave the audience with something to remember.