CHARACTERISTICS OF
DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL
WASTEWATER, BOD AND
COD
- NIKASH PRANAV B
23M236
INTRODUCTION TO WASTEWATER
• WASTEWATER DEFINITION: WATER THAT HAS BEEN USED IN HOMES,
INDUSTRIES, AND BUSINESSES AND CONTAINS POLLUTANTS.
• TYPES OF WASTEWATER:
• DOMESTIC WASTEWATER – FROM HOUSEHOLDS, INCLUDES WATER FROM
KITCHENS, BATHROOMS, AND LAUNDRY.
• INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER – FROM MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, OFTEN
CONTAINING HARMFUL CHEMICALS.
• IMPORTANCE OF TREATMENT: PREVENTS POLLUTION, PROTECTS HUMAN
HEALTH, AND PRESERVES ECOSYSTEMS.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
• PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
• SUSPENDED SOLIDS: PARTICLES VISIBLE IN WATER (E.G., FOOD SCRAPS, SOAP SCUM).
• COLOR AND ODOR: OFTEN CLOUDY OR GRAYISH, WITH A MILD TO STRONG ODOR.
• TEMPERATURE: TYPICALLY WARMER THAN NATURAL WATER BODIES DUE TO HOUSEHOLD
USE.
• CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
• ORGANIC MATTER: INCLUDES KITCHEN WASTE, SOAPS, AND HUMAN WASTE.
• NUTRIENTS: PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN FROM DETERGENTS AND FERTILIZERS.
• PH LEVELS: GENERALLY NEUTRAL BUT CAN VARY BASED ON HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS.
• BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
• PATHOGENS: BACTERIA AND VIRUSES FROM HUMAN WASTE.
• MICROORGANISMS: BACTERIA THAT CAN BREAK DOWN ORGANIC MATERIAL.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL
WASTEWATER
• PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
• CONTAINS BOTH SUSPENDED AND DISSOLVED SOLIDS FROM INDUSTRIAL
PROCESSES.
• TEMPERATURE: OFTEN HIGHER THAN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DUE TO
INDUSTRIAL COOLING SYSTEMS.
• CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
• TOXIC CHEMICALS: HEAVY METALS (E.G., LEAD, MERCURY), ACIDS, AND OILS.
• INORGANIC MATERIALS: SALTS, ACIDS, ALKALIS FROM PROCESSES LIKE
MINING AND METAL FINISHING.
• BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
• LOW PRESENCE OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIAL.
• POTENTIAL TOXICITY TO AQUATIC LIFE AND MICROORGANISMS.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DOMESTIC AND
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
• DOMESTIC WASTEWATER:
• CONTAINS MORE BIODEGRADABLE ORGANIC MATTER.
• LESS TOXIC, EASIER TO TREAT USING BIOLOGICAL METHODS.
• INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER:
• OFTEN CONTAINS CHEMICALS, METALS, AND TOXINS.
• REQUIRES ADVANCED TREATMENT METHODS TO HANDLE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.
• EXAMPLES:
• DOMESTIC: HUMAN WASTE, FOOD PARTICLES, SOAPS.
• INDUSTRIAL: WASTE FROM TEXTILE DYEING, CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, OIL REFINERIES.
WHAT IS BOD (BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND)?
• DEFINITION: BOD MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN REQUIRED BY MICROORGANISMS TO BREAK
DOWN ORGANIC MATTER IN WATER UNDER AEROBIC(OXYGEN PRESENT) CONDITIONS.
• IMPORTANCE: HIGH BOD LEVELS INDICATE A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF BIODEGRADABLE ORGANIC
POLLUTANTS, WHICH CAN DEPLETE DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN WATER BODIES, AFFECTING AQUATIC LIFE.
• HOW IT'S MEASURED: BY INCUBATING A SEALED WATER SAMPLE IN THE DARK AT 20°C FOR 5 DAYS
AND MEASURING THE DECREASE IN DISSOLVED OXYGEN.
• TYPICAL BOD VALUES:
• CLEAN WATER: LESS THAN 5 MG/L
• DOMESTIC WASTEWATER: 150–300 MG/L
• HIGHLY POLLUTED WATER: OVER 500 MG/L
WHAT IS COD (CHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND)?
• DEFINITION: COD MEASURES THE TOTAL OXYGEN REQUIRED TO OXIDIZE BOTH
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER.
• IMPORTANCE: HIGH COD INDICATES HIGH POLLUTION LEVELS, INCLUDING NON-
BIODEGRADABLE SUBSTANCES.
• HOW IT'S MEASURED: USING STRONG CHEMICALS TO OXIDIZE THE SAMPLE AND
CALCULATE THE OXYGEN NEEDED.
• TYPICAL COD VALUES:
• DOMESTIC WASTEWATER: 200–500 MG/L
• INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER: 1,000–10,000 MG/L OR HIGHER DEPENDING ON THE INDUSTRY.
CONCLUSION
• ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH IMPACT: EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF
WASTEWATER IS CRITICAL TO PROTECTING AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AND
PUBLIC HEALTH FROM HARMFUL POLLUTANTS.
• NEED FOR ADVANCED SOLUTIONS: STRICT MONITORING, REGULATORY
STANDARDS, AND ADVANCED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES ARE VITAL IN
MINIMIZING POLLUTION AND CONSERVING WATER RESOURCES.
• CALL TO RESPONSIBILITY: SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES ARE CRUCIAL TO ENSURING A HEALTHIER ENVIRONMENT FOR
FUTURE GENERATIONS.
THANK YOU!
