Integration
Globalization
Prepared by:
Angelica Agustin
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After this lesson, you should be able to:
1. discuss economic globalization as a complex
process responsible for enormous global and local
changes;
2. explain economic globalization's accompanying
cultural and political globalization;
3. articulate the assumptions behind globalization;
and
4. critically evaluate the impacts of globalization
especially for poor countries.
Introduction
• Globalization has brought significant
transformations throughout the 20th century. To
understand it as a concept, it is essential to analyze
the nature of these changes and the processes
driving them. Additionally, globalization is guided
by various assumptions that require critical
evaluation. As a multifaceted phenomenon, it
influences individuals’ daily lives, as well as the
social, economic, and political realities of
communities and nations. A thorough examination
is necessary to determine whether the processes
and effects of globalization align with the goals of
sustainable, fair, and equitable development for
• Economic Globalization, Cultural Globalization, and
Political Globalization
• Globalization is mainly conceptualized as intensified
transference or exchange of things across existing
boundaries (Bartelson, 2000). However, globalization is
primarily an economic process, the drive toward
integration of economies throughout the world. This is
achieved through trading and financial flows across
countries' borders (IMF, 2000).Globalization and its
accompanying processes point to a paradigm about
development (Pongsapich, 2003). Globalization is built on
the belief that development can be achieved through
rapid economic growth, made possible development
economic integration (Cavanagh, Mander & JFG, 2004).
As a growth. oriented model of development, it looks
into GDP as indicator of success.
Important aspect of
globalization include Global
trading, Capital flows and
movement of people:
Trading
• International trade refers to the exchange of goods
and services between countries. It is facilitated by
banks and financial systems that support these
transactions. From 1971 to 1999, global trade
significantly increased, particularly in manufactured
goods. However, the export of essential resources
like food and raw materials, often from poorer
countries, has seen a decline.
Capital Movement
• During the 1990s, there was a rise in financial investments
flowing into poorer countries. These investments come in
different forms:
• Commercial loans: Loans given to foreign businesses or
government's
• Official flows: Aid or funding from richer countries to poorer
ones for development.
• Foreign direct investments (FDI): Setting up or expanding
businesses in other countries.
Movement of people
• People migrate to other countries in search
of better job opportunities.
• For example, in the Philippines, there were
around 2.3 million Overseas Filipino Workers
(OFWs) between April and September 2018.
Cultural Globalization and
Polical Globalization
• Globalization not only impacts
economies but also brings countries
closer culturally and politically, making
them more interconnected.
Cultural Globalization
• Cultural globalization is marked by the rapid spread of
ideas, values, and lifestyles across the world due to
increased interaction and exchanges of information,
labor, and capital. This integration has connected
societies and created new opportunities for many
people. However, it can also threaten local cultures,
causing a loss of unique identities, exclusion, or conflicts.
• It refers to how people and their cultures—such as their
ideas, values, and ways of living—interact and influence
one another. This process is evident in music, media,
fashion, food, and the sharing of knowledge, science,
and technology.
Political Globalization
• Political globalization involves the expansion of
political decision-making and systems beyond
national boundaries. Unlike traditional politics,
which is limited to individual countries, political
globalization addresses issues that affect multiple
nations, such as trade, security, and the
environment. Global institutions like the United
Nations, World Bank, and International Monetary
Fund help manage these cross-border concerns.
Assumption Behind Globalization Critiques to the Assumption
Rapid economic growth will lead Economic growth is only one
to development aspect of development, other
aspirations are: achieving both
material needs and broader social
objectives; social and economic
justice and equity: self-reliance;
welfare, adequate provision of
basic services; and equitable
distribution of opportunities,
income, and wealth.
Trading will bring prosperity Trading benifets some more than
others.
Poor countries will benifet from Borrowing of poor countries are
borrowed fund coupled with condition (SAPs),
which make countries compromise
spending for social services and
welfare.
Poor countries need to catch up It will be difficult for poor
with rich countries by countries to catch up because they
implementing economic policies are caught in unequal exchanges
toward economic integration. and underdevelopment.
Removal of tariffs, quota can ease Reduction of tariffs in the
global trading and will lead to Philippines since the 1980s led to
economic integration (Toward unfair competition of local
prosperity) industries with imports. Industries
direly affected by tariffs cuts we're
paper products, textiles, ceramics,
rubber products, furniture, wood,
shoes and leather goods.
The impact of Globalization
•Economic deregulation is met with disapproval from
different groups such as labor organizations,
environmental groups, indigenous peoples, and even
consumer groups. Lessening government's control
over businesses led to outcomes such as neglect of
environment, low wages and unstable employment,
under servicing of consumers, and privatizing
common resources.
Word Bank, IMF, and Debt
• Supporters of globalization carry several
assumptions about it.
• Assumptions need to be scrutinized against real-life
conditions.
• Proponents and guardians of globalization, such as
the IMF, acknowledge poverty and inequality
existing alongside globalized economies.
• International production is conceived to increase
jobs created across countries.
• Poor countries need to catch up. But countries in
the world are divided according to its role and
Less
Poverty
More
employmen
t
Increase
Income
Global have losers and
gainers
• Increased trading may result to wider choices of
consumer goods in the market. However,
international trading produces varying results.
Restructuring of economy through fast-paced flux of
capital across different countries has impacts on
places and social relations
• These kinds of global interactions produce uneven
development.
• Unequal playing field for local producers and foreign
producers from developed countries lead to losses
for local producers.
The Effects of Global Trading on
the Philippine Local Economy
• Because of enhanced global trading, cheap
imported vegetables flood the local market. Local
consumers and businesses find it cheaper to buy
imported agricultural products than locally
produced goods.
• Local producers are unable to compete with the
modern and highly- supported vegetable
production from developed countries such as
China, Australia, New Zealand, and the
Netherlands.
• Advertised to the world as a remedy to all
problems, globalization comes short. It has not
raised the poor from poverty.
• It has hindered democracy and social justice; it has
damaged small communities and displaced farmers
from their lands.
• Additionally, it has sped up the largest
environmental degradation known to mankind.
That's all
Thankyou!!
Members:
Angelica Agustin
Rhea Abella
