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Dic DR Moghalu

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a life-threatening disorder characterized by excessive thrombin and fibrin generation, leading to increased platelet aggregation and coagulation factor consumption. It can develop slowly or rapidly, with varying clinical presentations including bleeding and thrombotic events, and is prevalent in hospitalized patients, particularly those with sepsis. The condition can arise from various etiologies, including shock, severe tissue damage, and certain medical complications.

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14 views6 pages

Dic DR Moghalu

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a life-threatening disorder characterized by excessive thrombin and fibrin generation, leading to increased platelet aggregation and coagulation factor consumption. It can develop slowly or rapidly, with varying clinical presentations including bleeding and thrombotic events, and is prevalent in hospitalized patients, particularly those with sepsis. The condition can arise from various etiologies, including shock, severe tissue damage, and certain medical complications.

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TRUE PRAISE&WORSHIP TV
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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DISSIMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION

BY ADAEZE MOGHALU MD.


CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• EPIDIEMOLOGY
• ETIOLOGY
• PATHOGENESIS
• CLINICAL PRESENTATION
• DIAGNOSIS
• MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) also known as disseminated intravascular coagulopathy or
DIC syndrome is a complex and often life-threatening disorder in which there is abnormal, excessive
generation of thrombin and fibrin in the circulating blood,during the process, increased platelet aggregation
and coagulation factor consumption occur.

• DIC can evolve slowly (over weeks or months) causes primarily venous thrombotic and embolic
manifestations.

• DIC can evolve rapidly (over hours or days) causing primarily bleeding.

• Severe, rapidly evolving DIC is diagnosed by demonstrating thrombocytopenia, an elevated partial


thromboplastin time, an elevated prothrombin time, increased levels of plasma D-dimers (or serum fibrin
degradation products).
EPIDIEMOLOGY
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation develops in an estimated 1% of all hospitalized patients, may
occur in 30-50% of patients with sepsis.
• Occurs at all ages and in all races, and no particular sex predisposition has been noted.
• In the setting of major trauma cases, the presence of DIC approximately doubles the mortality rate.
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is seen in <5% of patients with severe Plasmodium
falciparum malaria and is more common in cerebral malaria( Severe Malaria Studies: Nigerian Medical
Journal of Medicine Vol. 55 No. 2 (2014).
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is one of the commonest causes of abnormal bleeding
during pregnancy and puerperium,Preeclampsia was the most frequent cause identified (70.2%)
followed by postpartum haemorrahge (58.3%) (Diagnosis and treatment of obstetrics disseminated
intravascular coagulation in resource limited settings-Research gate).
ETIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY
• Shock due to any condition, which causes ischemic tissue injury and exposure or release of tissue factor.

• Less common causes of DIC include:

• Severe tissue damage due to head trauma, burns, frostbite, or gunshot wounds

• Complications of prostate surgery that allow prostatic material with tissue factor activity (along with plasminogen activators) to enter the
circulation

• Enzymes in certain snake venoms that enter the circulation, activate one or several coagulation factors, and either generate thrombin or directly
convert fibrinogen to fibrin

• Profound intravascular hemolysis, most often during acute hemolytic transfusion reactions due to ABO incompatibility.

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