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Chapter 2 Transistor

The document provides an overview of transistors, describing them as semiconductor devices that function as switches and amplifiers. It details the components of a transistor, specifically the base, collector, and emitter, and explains the operation of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and field-effect transistors (FETs). Additionally, it outlines the types of BJTs and FETs, including their configurations and applications.

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Anati Syahirah Binti Hedzir
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16 views14 pages

Chapter 2 Transistor

The document provides an overview of transistors, describing them as semiconductor devices that function as switches and amplifiers. It details the components of a transistor, specifically the base, collector, and emitter, and explains the operation of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and field-effect transistors (FETs). Additionally, it outlines the types of BJTs and FETs, including their configurations and applications.

Uploaded by

Anati Syahirah Binti Hedzir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 2: TRANSISTOR

Mdm. Anati Syahirah binti Hedzir


TRANSISTOR

A transistor is a type of semiconductor device that can be used to conduct


and insulate electric current or voltage. A transistor basically acts as a
switch and an amplifier. In simple words, we can say that a transistor is a
miniature device that is used to control or regulate the flow of electronic
signals.
PARTS OF A TRANSISTOR

A typical transistor is composed of three layers of semiconductor materials or, more


specifically, terminals which help to make a connection to an external circuit and
carry the current. A voltage or current that is applied to any one pair of the
terminals of a transistor controls the current through the other pair of terminals.
There are three terminals for a transistor. They are listed below:

• Base: This is used to activate the transistor.

• Collector: It is the positive lead of the transistor.

• Emitter: It is the negative lead of the transistor.


TYPES OF TRANSISTOR :
BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR
(BJT)
WHAT IS BJT

• A bipolar junction transistor is a three-terminal semiconductor device that


consists of two p-n junctions which are able to amplify or magnify a signal. It
is a current controlled device.

• The three terminals of the BJT are the base, the collector, and the
emitter.

• A very small current flowing between the base and emitter can control a
larger flow of current between the collector and emitter terminal.
OPERATION OF BJT

There are three operating regions of a bipolar junction transistor:

• Active region: The region in which the transistors operate as an


amplifier.
• Saturation region: The region in which the transistor is fully on
and operates as a switch such that collector current is equal to
the saturation current.
• Cut-off region: The region in which the transistor is fully off and
collector current is equal to zero.
TYPES OF BJT

There are two types of


bipolar junction
transistors:

• PNP bipolar junction


transistor
• NPN bipolar junction
transistor
NPN VS PNP
CONFIGURATION OF BJT

Bipolar Junction Transistor works in three configurations which are


mentioned below:

• Common Emiiter: In CE configuration, the emitter terminal of the


transistor is common between input and output terminal of the
transistor.

• Common Base: In CB configuration, the Base terminal of the transistor


is common between input and output terminal of the transistor.

• Common Collector: In CC configuration, the collector terminal of the


transistor is common between input and output terminal of the
transistor.
TRANSISTOR:
FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR
(FET)
FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR (FET)

Field-Effect Transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that utilizes an


electric field to control the conductivity of a semiconductor
channel. FETs are widely used in electronics for various
applications including amplification and switching.

There two common types of FETs are

• Junction Field Effect Transistor

• Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor


JUNCTION FIELD EFFECT
TRANSISTOR (JFET)

• A Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) serves as a distinct transistor type, mainly
employed for amplifying low-power signals.

• The operation of JFETs involves regulating the current between the source and drain
terminals through the influence of an electric field. The voltage applied to the gate
terminal regulates the conducting channel width, controlling the current flow.

• Commonly used in audio preamplifiers and oscillators, JFETs offer high input
impedance and its various applications are in signal amplification scenarios.

• There are two types of JFET namely N-channel JFET and P-Channel JFET. The symbol
for these two types are shown below:
TWO TYPES OF JFET

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