GLOBAL
SOCIAL
MOVEMENTS
JANINE YONGCO
BEED 1-A
MR. RENO MILLER
INSTRUCTOR
HUMAN RIGHTS
• DEFINED AS THE “ENTITLEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS TO LIFE,
SECURITY, AND WELL BEING” (TURNER 1993: 489- 512;
2007 : 591), HAS EMERGED AS A MAJOR GLOBAL POLITICAL
ISSUE. IT IS ARGUED THAT BECAUSE THESE RIGHTS ARE
UNIVERSAL, THE NATION -- STATE CANNOT ABROGATE THEM.
AS A RESULT, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS HAVE
CLAIMED THE RIGHT TO BE ABLE TO HAVE A SAY ABOUT
WHAT IS DONE TO PEOPLE WITHIN (FOR EXAMPLE, TORTURE
OF TERROR SUSPECTS) AND BETWEEN, ILLEGAL
TRAFFICKING IN HUMANS [FARR 2005] SOVEREIGN STATES.
• THUS, IN SUCH A VIEW, HUMAN RIGHTS ARE A GLOBAL
MATTER AND NOT EXCLUSIVELY A CONCERN OF THE STATE
(LEVY AND SZNAIDER 2006 :657 – 76). FURTHERMORE, THE
IMPLICATION IS THAT THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY CAN
AND SHOULD INTERVENE WHEN A STATE VIOLATES HUMAN
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS
For example, according to Article 13:
(1)Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and
residence within the borders of each State.
(2)Everyone has the right to leave any country, including
his own, and to return to his country.
It is clear in this Declaration and its Articles is that human
rights take precedence over the nation -state and that the
UN is seeking to exert control over the state, at least on
these issues.
The United Nations (UN), in spite of its
myriad problems, is the premier global
organization in the realm of politics.
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE
UNITED NATIONS
• UN stands in opposition, at
least in general, to those who • The two best -
argue that globalization has known state -
brought about, or is bringing based organs in
the UN:
about, the demise of the
(nation -)state. The UN is a 1. the Security
global setting in which nation- Council-UN’s main
states meet and deliberate. deliberative body
and
2. the General
However, the UN is not merely a
Assembly
setting in which nation -states responsible for the
meet; it is also an independent maintenance of
actor. international peace
and security
THE UN 4 BROAD
1. MILITARY AREAS
ISSUES- The UN was envisioned as a major force in managing
peace and security, especially in inter -state relations. However, it was
marginalized during the Cold War 1 largely because in the Security
Council both the US and the Soviet Union could veto proposed
interventions.
A turning point in the military role of the UN was the 1991 authorization
by the Security Council of the use of force to deal with Iraq ’ s invasion of
Kuwait. Throughout the 1990s the UN engaged in a wide variety of
actions that were not anticipated by its founders and which had been
regarded previously as the province of states. These included:
A. INTERVENTIONS IN CIVIL WARS IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES;
B. ELECTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS MONITORING,
C. DISARMAMENT,
D. AND EVEN THE ASSUMPTION OF STATE FUNCTIONS (IN CAMBODIA AND
EAST TIMOR, FOR EXAMPLE) ” (WEISS AND ZACH 2007 : 1219). HOWEVER,
THE EXPANSIONISM OF THE UN IN THESE AREAS WAS TEMPERED BY
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2. ECONOMIC ISSUES- PROMOTE ACTIONS
THAT WOULD LEAD TO REDUCTIONS IN
GLOBAL INEQUALITY.
3. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES- (E.G.
POLLUTION, HAZARDOUS WASTES) WHICH
ARE DEALT WITH PRIMARILY THROUGH THE
UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT
PROGRAMME.
4.HUMAN PROTECTION- A VARIETY OF UN -
SPONSORED HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES AND
