DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SCADA IN POWER SYSTEM

Presented by:

B.Keerthi(21891A0207)
Name of the Guide:
Mr. G.Srinivas,
Asst.professor
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 TITLE OF THE PROJECT
CONTENTS:
 Introduction

 Objectives

 Literature survey

 Motivation

 Methodology

 Result and Discussions

 Conclusion

 References

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 Introduction:
SCADA is an acronym that stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADA refers to a
system that collects data from various sensors at a factory, plant or in other remote locations and
then sends this data to a central computer which then manages and controls the data. SCADA
systems are used not only in industrial processes: e.g steel making, power generation
(conventional and nuclear and distribution, chemistry, but also in some experimental facilities
such as nuclear fusion. The size of such plants range from a few 1000 to several 10 thousands
input/output(I/O) channels. However, SCADA systems evolve rapidly and are now penetrating the
market of plants with a number of I/O channels.

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Objectives:
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems play a crucial role in modern
power systems. Their primary objectives are focused on enhancing the monitoring, control,
and efficiency of power system operations.
1. Monitoring
2. Measurement
3. Data acquisition
4. Data communication
5. Control
6. Automation
7. Fault detection

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 Motivation:
The motivation for implementing SCADA in power systems arises from the need to address
critical challenges in modern energy infrastructure.

1. Ensuring Reliability and Stability

Preventing Outages: The demand for uninterrupted power supply motivates the adoption of
systems that monitor and manage operations in real time.
Quick Fault Response: Minimizing downtime by detecting and isolating faults promptly.
2. Enhancing Efficiency
Optimized Operations: Reduce energy losses and improve the efficiency of power generation,
transmission, and distribution.
Cost Savings: Streamline operations to lower costs for utilities and consumers.

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Literature survey:
Evolution of SCADA
1890’s Remote Control and Remote Indication
1920’s Tele command and control
1930’s Check Before Operate (CEO)Systems
Based on Electro Mechanical Technology
1960’s Supervisory Control Systems (Remote Control & Status Indication)
1960’s Data Acquisitions gaming Popularity (DAS) SCADA came into being.
1980’s Load Dispatch Centre and Control
1990’s Energy Control Centre
2000’s Energy Management System
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Methodology:
SCADA systems are used to monitor or to control chemical or transport processes in municipal
water supply systems, to control electric power generation, transmission and distribution, gas
and oil pipelines, and other distributed processes. Supervisory control and data Acquisition
(SCADA)achieves this requirement collecting reliable field data through remote terminal units
(RTUs) Intelligent Electric Devices (IEDs) and presenting them to user requirement. The user
interface or the man machine interface (MMI) provides various options of data presentation
according to specific application and user needs. There are many parts of a working SCADA
system. A SCADA system usually includes signal hardware (input and output), controllers,
networks, user interface (HMI), communications equipment and software. All together, the
term SCADA refers to the entire central system. The central system usually monitors data from
various sensors that are either in close proximity or off site.

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3. Managing Complex Power Systems
Increased Scale: Modern power grids span vast areas, requiring centralized
systems for monitoring and control.
Integration of Renewables: The need to manage intermittent and distributed
renewable energy sources motivates the use of advanced control systems.
4. Meeting Regulatory Requirements
Compliance: Adhere to strict regulations and standards for energy efficiency,
safety, and environmental impact.
Transparency: Provide data for reporting and compliance with government
policies.

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Systems similar to SCADA systems are routinely seen in factories, treatment plants etc. These are
often referred to as Distributed Control Systems (DCS). They have similar functions to SCADA
systems, but the field data gathering or control units are usually located within a more confined
area. Communications may be via a local area network (LAN), and will normally be reliable and
high speed. A DCS system usually employs significant amounts of closed loop control. SCADA
systems on the other hand generally cover larger geographic areas, and rely on a variety of
communications systems that are normally less reliable than a LAN. Closed loop control in this
situation is less desirable.
A SCADA system refer to a system consisting of a number of remote terminal units (or RTUs)
collecting field data connected back to a master station via a communications system. The
master station displays the acquired data and also allows the operator to perform remote control
tasks.

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A SCADA system consists of a number of remote terminal units (RTUs) collecting field data and
sending that data back to a master station, via a communication system. The master station
displays the acquired data and allows the operator to perform remote control tasks. The
accurate and timely data allows for optimization of the plant operation and process. Other
benefits include more efficient, reliable and most importantly, safer operations. This results in a
lower cost of operation compared to earlier non-automated systems.
SCADA Hardware Functions
There are many functions of SCADA; some of them are listed below.
a. Data Collection: collecting of the information via a RTU (remote terminal unit)
b. Data Transfer: transferring it to the central site
c. Data Processing: Carrying out any necessary analysis and control
d. Information Display: Displaying that information on operator screens or displays
e. Control Actions: Required control actions are then conveyed back to the process

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An RTU (sometimes referred to as a remote telemetry unit) as the title implies, is a standalone
data acquisition and control unit, generally microprocessor based, which monitors and controls
equipment at some remote location from the central station. Its primary task is to control and
acquire data from process equipment at the remote location and to transfer this data back to a
central station. It generally also has the facility for having its configuration and control programs
dynamically downloaded from some central station.

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Functions of SCADA:
The important functions of an SCADA are listed below
1. Data Acquisition
2. Information Display
3. Supervisory Control
4. Alarm Processing
5. Information Storage and Reports
6. Sequence of Event Acquisition
7. Data Calculation
8. Special RTU Processing/Control

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Functions of SCADA:
The important functions of an SCADA are listed below
1. Data Acquisition
2. Information Display
3. Supervisory Control
4. Alarm Processing
5. Information Storage and Reports
6. Sequence of Event Acquisition
7. Data Calculation
8. Special RTU Processing/Control

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Benefits of SCADA:
The important benefits of an EMS can be addresses as the following functions:
1. Continuous monitoring of process.
2. Real time control.
3. Automation and Protection.
4. Remote control and operation

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 Usage of SCADA:
SCADA can be used to manage any kind of equipment. Typically, SCADA systems are used to
automate complex industrial processes where human control is difficult. For example in systems
where there are more control factors unable to be managed by operators in a control centre.
SCADA systems are widely used for control in the following domains
1. Electric power generation, transmission and distribution: Electric utilities use SCADA
systems to detect current flow and line voltage, to monitor the operation of circuit breakers, and to take
sections of the power grid online or offline.
2. Water and sewage: State and municipal water utilities use SCADA to monitor and regulate water flow,
reservoir levels, pipe pressure and other factors.
3. Buildings, facilities and environments: Facility managers use SCADA to control HVAC,
refrigeration units, lighting and entry systems.
4. Manufacturing: SCADA systems manage parts inventories for just-in-time manufacturing,
regulate industrial automation and robots, and monitor process and quality control. 16
Real -Time Monitoring and control using SCADA:
1. Acquire quantitative measurements immediately and over time
2. Detect, Diagnose and correct problems as soon as they arise
3. Measure trends over time and prepare reports and charts
4. Discover and eliminate bottlenecks over time and improve efficiency
5. Ability to Control large and complex processes with a few specialized staff.

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Typical features of a substation SCADA system are as under
Substation parameter monitoring
Controlling electrical network components remotely
Safety tagging
High resolution time stamping
Sequence of event reporting for post event analysis
Additional features of substation control system
Demand side management
Volt/VAR control
Preventive maintenance
Fault detection isolation and restoration

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Conclusion:
In conclusion, SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are vital tools for
modernizing and managing power systems and other industrial processes. They provide a
centralized platform for real-time monitoring, remote control, fault detection, and data analysis,
leading to improved operational efficiency, reliability, and safety.

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 References:
[1] Pollet, Jonathan, SCADA Security Strategy, Plant Data Technologies, August 8, 2002.
[2] McClanahan, R.H., The Benefits of Networked SCADA Systems Utilizing IPEnabled Networks,
Rural Electric Power Conference, 2002. 2002 IEEE, 5-7 May 2002 Pages: C5 - C5_7
[3] Marihart, D.J., Communications Technology Guidelines for EMS/SCADA Systems, Power
Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 16, Issue: 2, April 2001 Pages: 181–188.

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THANK YOU

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