BLDC Motors
PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR (PMDC)
BRUSHLESS PERMANENT DC MOTOR (BLPMDC)
DC Motor
• Converts electrical energy to mechanical energy
• Principle- When a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field
experiences a force
• Stator is made up of permanent magnet and rotor is of silicon steel stampings with
copper wire wound on it.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/
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Electric_motor.gif
BRUSH
COIL
Brushed DC
motor
Brushless Permanent Magnet DC
Motor
• Brushless DC electric motor also known as electronically commutated
motors (ECMs, EC motors) are synchronous motors that are powered by a
DC electric source via an integrated inverter/switching power supply,
which produces an AC electric signal to drive the motor .
– magnetic fields generated by the stator and rotor rotate at the
same frequency
– no slip
• The stator consists of several coils which current is led through Creating
a magnetic field that makes the rotor turns .
PMBLDC Motor
Construction of BLDC
• It consist of two parts mainly stator &
rotor Stator
⮚ Stator is made up of silicon steel stampings with slots.
⮚ The slots are accomodated armature windings.
⮚ This winding is wound with specified
no.of poles(even
number).
⮚ This winding connected a dc supply
through a power electronic switching circuits
( inverter circuits) .
Rotor
⮚ Rotor is of permanent magnet
⮚ no of poles on rotor is same as that of stator
⮚ Rotor shaft carries a RPS (Rotor position sensor) and it
provides information about the position of shaft at any
instant to the controller which sends signal to the electronic
commutator .
⮚ The electronic commutator function is same as that
of mechanical commutator in DC motor
BLDC Motor Stator
BLDC Motor Rotors
The stator has a coil arrangement, as illustrated; The internal winding of the
rotor is illustrated in the Fig(core of the rotor is hidden here). The rotor has
3 C.
coils,named A, B and
Out of these 3 coils, only one coil is illustrated in the Fig for simplicity. By Applying DC
power to the coil, the coil will energise and become an electromagnet.
The operation of a BLDC motor is based on the simple force interaction
between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet. In this condition,
when coil A is energised, the opposite poles of the rotor and stator are
attracted to each other (The attractive force is shown in the green
arrow). As a result, the rotor poles move near the energised stator.
As the rotor nears coil A, coil B is energized. As the rotor nears
coil B, coil C is energized. After that, coil A is energized with the
opposite polarity . This process is repeated, and the rotor
continues to rotate. The DC current required in the each coil is
shown in the following graph.
Improving The BLDC Performance
Unlike a brushed DC motor, the commutation of BLDC motor
is controlled electronically.
It is important to know the rotor position to understand
which winding will be energized following the
energizing sequence.
Rotor position is sensed by different ways some of
them are
1) Hall sensors 2) Optical encoders
Hall Sensors
When a magnetic field is applied to a system with electric
current a hall voltage perpendicular to the field is generated.
This was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879.
COMPARISON BETWEEN BDC AND
BLDC
Advantages
• Increased Reliability & Efficiency
• Longer Life
• Elimination of Sparks from Commutator
• Reduced Friction
• Faster Rate of Voltage & Current
Disadvantages
• Requires Complex Drive Circuitry
• Requires additional Sensors
• Higher Cost
• Some designs require manual
labor (Hand wound Stator Coils)
Applications
• Consumer: Hard Drives, CD/DVD Drives, PC Cooling Fans,
toys, RC airplanes, air conditioners
• Medical: Artificial heart, Microscopes, centrifuges,
Arthroscopic surgical tools, Dental surgical tools and Organ
transport pump system.
• Vehicles: electronic power steering ,personal electric vehicles
• Airplanes: an electric self launching sailplane, flies
with a 42kW DC/DC brushless motor and Li-Ion batteries
and can climb up to 3000m with fully charged cells
