Unit 6
Thermodynamics
6.6 Introduction to Enthalpy
of Reaction
Topic 6.6 - Introduction to Enthalpy of Reactions
● Learning Objective: Calculate the heat q absorbed or released by
a system undergoing a chemical reaction in relationship to the
amount of the reacting substance in moles and the molar enthalpy
of reaction.
● Essential Knowledge:
○ The enthalpy change of a reaction gives the amount of heat
energy released (for negative values) or absorbed (for positive
values) by a chemical reaction at constant pressure.
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Notes About Enthalpy Calculations
***It is very important to pay attention to two things when calculating
enthalpy values for this topic:
1. The number of moles of a substance based on the balanced
equation
2. Limiting Reactants
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Enthalpy
▫ ΔHrxn is the amount of heat for one mole of reactants or one mole
of products
▫ ΔHrxn
▫ The heat (q) is a stoichiometric value for each written reaction
▫ (+) or endothermic (Heat is a written in the reactant side)
▫ (-) or exothermic (Heat is written in the product side)
▫ Units are kilojoules per mole or reaction kJ/mol rxn
▫ Enthalpy is an extensive property (it depends on the amount of matter
present)
▫ The enthalpy change for a reaction is equal in magnitude (though
opposite sign) to ΔH for the reverse reaction
▫ The enthalpy change for a reaction depends on the states of the reactants
and the products 4
Enthalpy
N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 NO (g) ΔH = + 180 kJ/ mol rxn
or
N2 (g) + O2 (g) + 180 kJ → 2 NO (g)
▫ Both reactions show endothermic heat absorption
▫ Show the amount of heat needed for one mole of each reactant to form
two moles of the product
▫ We can plug this into a stoichiometry problem
Note that q is a quantity of heat absorbed or released for any amount of
reactant or product.
However, ΔH is the amount of heat for one mole of reactant or product.
To get the quantity of heat for a different amount of one mole (amount
other than one mole) we multiply number of moles by ΔH.
q= n x ΔH
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Enthalpy
N2 (g) + O2 (g) + 180 kJ → 2 NO (g)
▫ How much heat (q) is required to react 2.4 moles of N2 (g) with
excess O2 (g) to form NO (g)?
▫ If 25 kJ of heat was absorbed in the reaction, how many moles of
NO were produced?
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Enthalpy
N2 (g) + O2 (g) + 180 kJ → 2 NO (g)
▫ How much heat (q) is required to react 2.4 moles of N2 (g) with excess O2 (g)
to form NO (g)?
▫ If 25 kJ of heat was absorbed in the reaction, how many moles of NO were
produced?
Or q=n x ΔH but ΔH is divided by two before being plugged
We need to know ΔH=180 KJ/ 1 mol rxn
which is 180 KJ/1 mol N2
which is 180 KJ/2 mol NO = 90 KJ/ 1 mol NO. So q NO =n NO x ΔHNO n NO =q NO /ΔHNO ,
Practice Problem
C12H22O11 + 12 O2 → 12 CO2 + 11 H2O ΔH = - 5645 kJ/molrxn
▫ How much energy is released when 5.00 g of sucrose is burned?
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Practice Problem
C12H22O11 + 12 O2 → 12 CO2 + 11 H2O ΔH = - 5645 kJ/molrxn
▫ How much energy is released when 5.00 g of sucrose is burned?
5.00 g sucrose x 1 mol sucrose x 1 mol rxn x -5645 KJ =
- 82.5 KJ
342 sucrose 1 mol sucrose 1 mol rxn
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Practice Problems
1. At one time, a common means of forming small quantities of oxygen gas in the
laboratory was to heat KClO3:
2 KClO3 (s) ---->2 KCl (s) + 3 O2 (g) ΔH = -89.4 kJ/mol
For this reaction, calculate ΔH for the formation of 10.4 g of KCl?
2. Consider the following reaction:
2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) ---> 2 MgO (s) ΔH = -1204 kJ/mol
When 2.00 moles of Mg react with 1.00 mole of oxygen gas, 1204 kJ of heat
are released. How much heat would be released if 4.00 moles of Mg reacted
with 1.00 moles of oxygen gas?
Practice Problems
● At one time, a common means of forming small quantities of oxygen gas in the laboratory was to
heat KClO3:
2 KClO3 (s) ---->2 KCl (s) + 3 O2 (g) ΔH = -89.4 kJ/mol
For this reaction, calculate ΔH for the formation of 10.4 g of KCl.
○ 10.4g KCl x 1 mol KCl x 1 mol rxn x -89.4 KJ = -6.24 kJ
○ 74.55g KCl 2 mol KCl 1 mol rxn
● Consider the following reaction:
2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) ---> 2 MgO (s) ΔH = -1204 kJ/mol
When 2.00 moles of Mg react with 1.00 mole of oxygen gas, 1204 kJ of heat
are released. How much heat would be released if 4.00 moles of Mg reacted
with 1.00 moles of oxygen gas?
○ Check limiting and excess 4 mol Mg/2 =4 mol. 1 mol O2/1= 1 mol
○ Mg is in excess, O2 limiting reactant
○ 1 mol O2 x 1 mol rxn x 1204 KJ = -1204 kJ
1 mol O2 1 mol rxn
Practice Problems
● Based on the reaction below, when 3.0 moles of liquid methanol
react with 3.0 moles of oxygen gas, what amount of heat will be
released?
CH3OH (l) + 3/2 O2 (g) ---> CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) ΔH = -726.5 kJ/mol
Practice Problems
● Based on the reaction below, when 3.0 moles of liquid methanol react with
3.0 moles of oxygen gas, what amount of heat will be released?
CH3OH (l) + 3/2 O2 (g) ---> CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) ΔH = -726.5 kJ/mol
○ Check limiting and excess
○ 3 mol CH3OH/ 1 = 3 mol CH3OH (excess reactant)
○ 3 mol O2 / 1.5 = 2 mol O2 (limiting reactant)
○ 3 mol O2 x 1 mol rxn x -726.6 KJ = -1453 KJ
○ 3/2 O2 1 mol rxn
● Calculating Heat Released and Absorbed:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKcnQA
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https://youtu.be/qD7PDOh
qbpM ● Enthalpy - Crash Course in Chemistry:
https://youtu.be/-P9hLwYTUk https://www.google.com/search?q=hess%27
0 s+law+crash+course&rlz=1CAWPBA_enUS7
94US795&oq=hess%27s+law+crash+cours
https://youtu.be/MQuJ0nxzU e&aqs=chrome.0.0l3.4504j0j4&sourceid=ch
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