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Pavlov Theory

Classical conditioning is a learning process where an individual associates two stimuli, resulting in a learned response, first studied by Ivan Pavlov with dogs. His famous experiment involved pairing a neutral stimulus, like a bell, with an unconditioned stimulus, such as food, leading to the dogs salivating at the sound of the bell. Key principles include acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination, although ethical concerns exist regarding the treatment of animal subjects in such experiments.

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50 views9 pages

Pavlov Theory

Classical conditioning is a learning process where an individual associates two stimuli, resulting in a learned response, first studied by Ivan Pavlov with dogs. His famous experiment involved pairing a neutral stimulus, like a bell, with an unconditioned stimulus, such as food, leading to the dogs salivating at the sound of the bell. Key principles include acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination, although ethical concerns exist regarding the treatment of animal subjects in such experiments.

Uploaded by

Ya Jea
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Classical

Conditon
ing
WHAT IS CLASSICAL CONDITIONING?

is a type of learning where an individual unconsciously


learns to associate two stimuli, resulting in a new,
learned response. First studied by Russian psychologist
Ivan Pavlov, this process involves pairing a neutral
stimulus (one that does not naturally cause a
response) with an unconditioned stimulus (one that
naturally elicits a response) until the neutral stimulus
alone can trigger a similar response.
THE EXPERIMENT
The most famous experiment demonstrating classical conditioning is
Ivan Pavlov's research with dogs, conducted in the late 19th and
early 20th centuries. Pavlov discovered that dogs could learn to
associate a neutral stimulus (like a bell) with an unconditioned
stimulus (such as food) that naturally triggers a response.

• Baseline Observation: Pavlov noticed that dogs naturally


salivated when they saw or smelled food. Salivation in response to
food was a reflex, or what he called an unconditioned response
(UR) to the unconditioned stimulus (US), which was the food itself.
• Conditioning Process: Pavlov began pairing the bell sound (NS)
with the presentation of food (US). Each time the dogs heard the
bell, they were immediately given food. After several repetitions,
the dogs started to associate the bell with food.
Principle
from the
Experimen
t
● Acquisition: The process of learning an association between a neutral
stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus (e.g., bell and food), leading the
neutral stimulus to trigger a conditioned response.

● Extinction: When the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented


without the unconditioned stimulus (bell without food), the conditioned
response (salivation) gradually fades.

● Spontaneous Recovery: After extinction and a rest period, the


conditioned response can temporarily reappear when the conditioned
stimulus is presented again.

● Generalization: A response to stimuli similar to the original conditioned


stimulus. For example, a dog conditioned to salivate to a bell may also
salivate to other similar sounds.

● Discrimination: Learning to respond only to a specific conditioned


stimulus and not to similar ones, by reinforcing the response only to the
original stimulus.
CRITICISM IN THEORY
The ethical concerns surrounding Pavlov’s classical
conditioning experiments primarily stem from his
treatment of animal subjects and the distress they
likely experienced. Although his studies were
conducted in an era before modern ethical
standards for research were established, several
aspects of his approach raise ethical issues by
today’s standards.
BASIS IN
COMING UP
WITH THE
THEORY
Pavlov’s research on classical
conditioning was based on his interest
in understanding the physiological
processes behind digestion. Initially, as
a physiologist, he was studying the
digestive system of dogs, especially
their salivary responses to food. His
work led him to observe that dogs
would begin to salivate not only when
they tasted food but also when they
saw or heard cues that signaled food
was coming.
THANK YOU!

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