MODULE 4
PROBABILITY
(Introduction)
REVIEW
𝑪 𝑶𝑴𝑩𝑰𝑵𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵
𝑷𝑬𝑹𝑴𝑼𝑻𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵
𝒏𝑷𝒓
𝒏𝑪𝒓
Scramble the letters to answer the following
questions. The red letter will be the first letter of
the word.
TESS SETS
Scramble the letters to answer the following
questions. The red letter will be the first letter of
the word.
TEMENELS ELEMENTS
Scramble the letters to answer the following
questions. The red letter will be the first letter of
the word.
DRACINTIALY CARDINALITY
Scramble the letters to answer the following
questions. The red letter will be the first letter of
the word.
BOBRIPTAILY PROBABILITY
INTRODUCTION OF
PROBABILITY OF
COMPOUND
EVENTS
𝒙
EXAMPLE:
If R is the set of colors in a rainbow and F is the set of
colors in the Philippine flag:
a) name the elements of each set
EXAMPLE:
If R is the set of colors in a rainbow and F is the set
of colors in the Philippine flag:
b) their cardinality
EXAMPLE:
If R is the set of colors in a rainbow and F is the set
of colors in the Philippine flag:
Find the c) union of these two sets.
EXAMPLE:
If R is the set of colors in a rainbow and F is the set
of colors in the Philippine flag:
Find the d) intersection of these two sets.
A pair of die is rolled?
What is the sample space?
How many are there?
What is the event (A ) that the same number is
on the two faces?
A = {(1,1), (2,2),(3, 3),(4,4),(5,5), (6,6)}
What is the event (B ) that the sum
numbers is 7?
B = {(3,4), (4,3),(2, 5),(5,2), (1,
6),(6,1)}
What is the event (C)that the sum of two
faces is at least 10?
A = {(5,5), (6,4),(4, 6),(5,6),
(6,5), (6,6)}
Toss 3 fair coins. Find the event
that:
1. Two heads and a tail comes up.
How many are there? n(S) = 8
{(H,H,T), (H,T,H),(T,H,H)}
2. At least two tails come up.
{T,T,H), (T,H,T),(H,T,T),(T,T,T)}
3. At least two tails or at least two heads
up.
{(T,T,H), (T,H,T),(H,T,T),(T,T,T), (H,H,T),(T,H,H),
(H,T,H),(H,H,H)}
One card is drawn from a deck of
52 cards. Find the event that:
1. The card drawn is heart. n(S) =
{Heart suit} 52
2. The card drawn is an ace.
{ace of spades,ace of clubs, ace of hearts, ace of
diamonds}
3.The card drawn is a king or queen.
{ king or queen of hearts,diamonds,spades,and
clubs}
4. The number of figures in the card is
divisible by 5.
{ 5 or 10 of hearts, diamonds, spades, and
diamonds}
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
1) Name the elements of the following sets:
a) A is the set of Southeast Asia nations
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
1) Name the elements of the following sets:
b) B is the set of months of the year with exactly 30
days.
𝑩={ 𝑨𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒍 , 𝑱𝒖𝒏𝒆 , 𝑺𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 , 𝑵𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 }
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
1) Name the elements of the following sets:
c) C is the set of positive odd integers less than 10.
𝑪 ={𝟏 , 𝟑 , 𝟓 , 𝟕 , 𝟗 }
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
2) Find the cardinality of the following sets:
d) D = {positive multiples of 3 less than 30}
𝑫= {𝟑 , 𝟔 ,𝟗 , 𝟏𝟐 , 𝟏𝟓 , 𝟏𝟖 , 𝟐𝟏 , 𝟐𝟒 , 𝟐𝟕 }
𝒏 ( 𝑫 ) =𝟗
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
2) Find the cardinality of the following sets:
e) E = {positive even prime number}
𝑬 ={ 𝟐 }
𝒏 ( 𝑬 ) =𝟏
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
2) Find the cardinality of the following sets:
f) F = {distinct letters in the word PHILIPPINES}
𝑭 ={ 𝑷 , 𝑯 , 𝑰 , 𝑳 , 𝑵 , 𝑬 , 𝑺 }
𝒏 ( 𝑭 )= 𝟕
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
3) If G = {𝑥/𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 multiple of 3 between 10 and 28} and
H = {𝑦/𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 multiple of 6 between 5 and 40}
𝑮={𝟏𝟐 , 𝟏𝟓 , 𝟏𝟖 , 𝟐𝟏 , 𝟐𝟒 , 𝟐𝟕 }
𝑯 = {𝟔 , 𝟏𝟐 , 𝟏𝟖 , 𝟐𝟒 , 𝟑𝟎 , 𝟑𝟔 }
𝒈 ¿ 𝑮∪ 𝑯 ={𝟔 , 𝟏𝟐 , 𝟏𝟓 , 𝟏𝟖 , 𝟐𝟏 ,𝟐𝟒 , 𝟐𝟕 ,𝟑𝟎 ,𝟑𝟔 }
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
3) If G = {𝑥/𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 multiple of 3 between 10 and 28} and
H = {𝑦/𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 multiple of 6 between 5 and 40}
𝑮={𝟏𝟐 , 𝟏𝟓 , 𝟏𝟖 , 𝟐𝟏 , 𝟐𝟒 , 𝟐𝟕 }
𝑯 = {𝟔 , 𝟏𝟐 , 𝟏𝟖 , 𝟐𝟒 , 𝟑𝟎 , 𝟑𝟔 }
𝒉 ¿ 𝑮 ∩ 𝑯 = {𝟏𝟐 , 𝟏𝟖 , 𝟐𝟒 }
What come in your mind when
we talk about probability?
possibili impossible
maybe ty
prospe
odds ct
chance uncertai
likely
s n
CLASSICAL PROBABILITY
CLASSICAL PROBABILITY/Theoretical
Probability
The CLASSICAL approach to probability
approach defines probability in terms of
whether an event may or may not occur,
provided that each of the outcomes is equally
likely to happen.
P( E ) =
Where: = the number of ways event (E)
can occur
= the number of possible
outcomes in the sample space
(S)
Example 3. Two fair dice are tossed.
Find the probabilityof each of the
following events.
P(A)=
1. A = { both are even numbers}
2. B = { number is 3, and the other is P(B)=
even}
3. C = {sum less than 5 P(C)=
appears}
4. D = { the sum of the two faces is at P(D)=
least 10} P(E)=
5. E = { with a difference of 2}
A school has 12 good runners of which 4 are
girls. If two are chosen at random to represent
the school, what is the probability of the event
that:
1.A = { both chosen runners are girls}
2.B = { both chosen runners are boys}
3.C = ( one boy and 1 girl are chosen}
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
4) Linda has 6 roses, 5 anthuriums, 9 daisies, and 10
dahlias in her flower vase. If she picks one flower at
random, what is the probability that she will pick a
i) rose?
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 =𝟑𝟎
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 =𝟔
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝑷 ( 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 ) =
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝟔 𝟏
𝒊 ¿ 𝑷 ( 𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒆 ) = 𝒐𝒓
𝟑𝟎 𝟓
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
4) Linda has 6 roses, 5 anthuriums, 9 daisies, and 10
dahlias in her flower vase. If she picks one flower at
random, what is the probability that she will pick a
j) daisy?
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 =𝟑𝟎
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 =𝟗
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝑷 ( 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 ) =
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝟗 𝟑
𝒋 ¿ 𝑷 ( 𝒅𝒂𝒊𝒔𝒚 ) = 𝒐𝒓
𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟎
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
5) Grade 10 - Prestige has 18 male and 24 female
students. Suppose that the officers are chosen at
random, what is the probability of choosing a
k) female as the president of this class?
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 =𝟒𝟐
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 =𝟐𝟒
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝑷 ( 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 ) =
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝟐𝟒 𝟒
𝒌 ¿ 𝑷 ( 𝒇𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒆 ) = 𝒐𝒓
𝟒𝟐 𝟕
Activity 1.
Answer what is asked.
5) Grade 10 - Prestige has 18 male and 24 female
students. Suppose that the officers are chosen at
random, what is the probability of choosing a
l) male as the vice-president of this class?
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 =𝟒𝟐
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 =𝟏𝟖
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝑷 ( 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 ) =
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝟏𝟖 𝟑
𝒍 ¿ 𝑷 ( 𝒇𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒆 ) = 𝒐𝒓
𝟒𝟐 𝟕
Activity 2.
Identify the outcomes, sample space and event of each
experiment.
1) Experiment: Rolling a six sided – die once.
Outcomes:
𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂 𝒐𝒏𝒆 , 𝒂 𝒕𝒘𝒐 , 𝒂 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒆𝒆 , 𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓 , 𝒂 𝒇𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒙
Activity 2.
Identify the outcomes, sample space and event of each
experiment.
1) Experiment: Rolling a six sided – die once.
Sample Space:
{𝟏 ,𝟐 , 𝟑 , 𝟒 , 𝟓 ,𝟔 }
Activity 2.
Identify the outcomes, sample space and event of each
experiment.
1) Experiment: Rolling a six sided – die once.
Event:
𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 ,𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏 𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 , 𝒆𝒕𝒄 .
Activity 2.
Identify the outcomes, sample space and event of each
experiment.
2) Experiment: Two leaders are selected from five
students A, B, C D and E to lead a tree planting activity.
Outcomes:
Activity 2.
Identify the outcomes, sample space and event of each
experiment.
2) Experiment: Two leaders are selected from five
students A, B, C D and E to lead a tree planting activity.
Sample Space:
{ 𝑨𝑩 , 𝑨𝑪 , 𝑨𝑫 , 𝑨𝑬 , 𝑩𝑪 , 𝑩𝑫 , 𝑩𝑬 , 𝑪𝑫 , 𝑪𝑬 , 𝑫𝑬 }
Activity 2.
Identify the outcomes, sample space and event of each
experiment.
2) Experiment: Two leaders are selected from five
students A, B, C D and E to lead a tree planting activity.
Event:
𝑨 𝒎𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒃𝒆 𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒘𝒐 , 𝑪 𝒎𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒃𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 , 𝒆𝒕𝒄 .
GROUP
ACTIVITY
