Chapter 5

Polynomials:
Factoring

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Week-11

Monday

04 December 2023

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 SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY
5. FACTORING

8 a. Solve equations (already

factored) using the principle of
zero products.
b. Solve quadratic equations by
factoring and then using the
principle of zero products.

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Second degree equations like 9t2  4 = 0 and
x2 + 6x + 9 = 0 are called quadratic equations.

Quadratic Equation
A quadratic equation is an equation
equivalent to an equation of the type
ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0.

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Second degree equations like 9t2  4 = 0 and
x2 + 6x + 9 = 0 are called quadratic equations.

The Principle of Zero Products

An equation ab = 0 is true if and only if a = 0 is
true or b = 0 is true, or both are true.
(A product is 0 if and only if one or both of the
factors is 0.)

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 Example
Solve: (x + 4)(x  3) = 0
Solution
In order for a product to be 0, at least one factor must
be 0. Therefore, either
x + 4 = 0 or x3=0
We solve each equation:
x + 4 = 0 or x3=0
x = 4 or x=3
Both 4 and 3 should be checked in the original
equation.

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continued Solve: (x + 4)(x  3) = 0
Check: For 4: For 3:
(x + 4)(x  3) = 0 (x + 4)(x  3) = 0
(4 + 4)(4  3) (3 + 4)(3  3)
0(7) 7(0)
0=0 0=0
True True

The solutions are 4 and 3.

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 Example
Solve: 4(3x + 1)(x  4) = 0
Solution Since the factor 4 is constant, the only way for
4(3x + 1)(x  4) to be 0 is for one of the other factors to be 0.
That is,
3x + 1 = 0 or x4=0
3x = 1 or x=4
1 x = 4.
x 
3
Check: For 1/3: For 4:
4(3x + 1)(x  4) = 0 4(3x + 1)(x  4) = 0
4((3 31) + 1)( 31  4) = 0 4(3(4) + 1)(4  4) = 0
4(0)( 4 13) = 0 4(13)(0) = 0
0=0 0=0
The solutions are 1/3 and 4.
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 Example

Solve: 3y(y  7) = 0

Solution
3  y(y  7) = 0
y=0 or y7=0
y=0 or y =7

The solutions are 0 and 7. The check is left to the

student.

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Factoring to Solve Equations
By factoring and using the principle of zero products, we
can now solve a variety of quadratic equations.
Example Solve: x2 + 9x + 14 = 0
Solution This equation requires us to factor the
polynomial since there are no like terms to combine and
there is a squared term. Then we use the principle of zero
products:
x2 + 9x + 14 = 0
(x + 7)(x + 2) = 0
x+7=0 or x + 2 = 0
x = 7 or x = 2.
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continued Solve: x2 + 9x + 14 = 0
Check: For 7: For 2:
x2 + 9x + 14 = 0 x2 + 9x + 14 = 0
(7)2 + 9(7) + 14 0 (2)2 + 9(2) + 14 0
49  63 + 14 4 18 + 14
14 + 14 14 + 14
0=0 0=0
True True

The solutions are 7 and 2.

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 Example
Solve: x2 + 9x = 0
Solution Although there is no constant term, because of
the x2-term, the equation is still quadratic. Try factoring:

x2 + 9x = 0
x(x + 9) = 0
x=0 or x+9=0
x=0 or x = 9
The solutions are 0 and 9. The check is left to the
student.

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Caution! We must have 0 on one side of the equation
before the principle of zero products can be used. Get
all nonzero terms on one side and 0 on the other.

Example Solve: x2  12x = 36

Solution We first add 36 to get 0 on one side:
x2  12x = 36
x2  12x + 36 = 36 + 36
(x  6)(x  6) = 0
x  6 = 0 or x6=0
x = 6 or x=6
There is only one solution, 6.

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 Example
Solve: 9x2 = 49
Solution
9x2 = 49
9x2  49 = 0
(3x  7)(3x + 7) = 0
3x  7 = 0 or 3x + 7 = 0
3x = 7 or 3x = 7
7 7
x x 
3 3
7 7
The solutions are 3 and  3 .
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 Example
Solve: 14x2 + 9x + 2 = 10x + 6
Solution Be careful with an equation like this! Since we need 0
on one side, we subtract 10x and 6 from the right side.
14x2 + 9x + 2 = 10x + 6
14x2 + 9x  10x + 2  6 = 0
14x2  x  4 = 0
(7x  4)(2x + 1) = 0
7x  4 = 0 or 2x + 1 = 0
7x = 4 or 2x = 1
x = 4/7 or x = 1/2
The solutions are 4/7 and 1/2.

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 Example

Find the x-intercepts for the graph

of the equation shown. (The grid is
intentionally not included)

Solution
To find the intercepts, we let y = 0 and
solve for x.
0 = x2 + 2x  8
0 = (x + 4)(x  2)
x+4=0 or x  2 = 0
y = x2 + 2x  8
x = 4 or x=2
The x-intercepts are (4, 0) and (2, 0).

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Exercise 1 (Page 400 - Question 5)

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Exercise 1 (Page 400 - Question 5)

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Exercise 2 (Page 400 - Question 8)

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Exercise 3 (Page 400 - Question 12)

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Exercise 4 (Page 400 - Question 14)

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Exercise 5 (Page 400 - Question 17)

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Exercise 6 (Page 400 - Question 27)

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Exercise 7 (Page 400 - Question 30)

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Exercise 8 (Page 400 - Question 31)

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Exercise 9 (Page 401 - Question 34)

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Exercise 10 (Page 401 - Question 35)

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Exercise 11 (Page 401 - Question 35)

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Exercise 12 (Page 401 - Question 39)

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Exercise 13 (Page 401 - Question 42)

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