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Week 4 Underlying Risk in Disasters

The document discusses the risk factors underlying disasters, emphasizing the importance of exposure, hazard, and vulnerability. It highlights how disasters can lead to severe emotional and psychological impacts, particularly on vulnerable populations such as women, children, and those in developing countries. Additionally, it identifies six key factors that contribute to disaster risk, including climate change, poverty, and weak governance, suggesting that improved planning and management can mitigate these risks.

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Kristine Gem Nequinto
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2 views

Week 4 Underlying Risk in Disasters

The document discusses the risk factors underlying disasters, emphasizing the importance of exposure, hazard, and vulnerability. It highlights how disasters can lead to severe emotional and psychological impacts, particularly on vulnerable populations such as women, children, and those in developing countries. Additionally, it identifies six key factors that contribute to disaster risk, including climate change, poverty, and weak governance, suggesting that improved planning and management can mitigate these risks.

Uploaded by

Kristine Gem Nequinto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DISASTER CAN

BRING ABOUT
MANY
DEVASTATING
EFFECTS
identifying the risk factors underlying disaster
IDENTIFYING THE RISK FACTORS UNDERLYING
DISASTER
provide ideas to: mitigate the effects of disasters

leading to :
-death,
-destruction of infrastructures,
-loss of livelihoods, and even
-non-physical events (emotional and psychological
aspects)

DISASTER CAN BRING ABOUT MANY DEVASTATING EFFECTS


DISASTER CAN AFFECT
EVERYONE.
• a position where they
will have graver or
longer-lasting post-
disaster stress
reactions
• contribute to evident
differences in the
stress reactions of
certain individuals
It does not discriminate with certain
RISK THREE IMPORTANT
ELEMENTS
FACTORS
Exposure
DISASTER RISK
Hazard
refers to the potential loss
of life, injury, damage to Vulnerability
property, and disruption
of livelihoods caused by
natural or human-made
hazards.
EXPOSURE

HAZARD

VULNERABILITY
the “elements at
risk” from a natural or EXPOSURE
man- Made hazard event

➡️Example:
People, houses, roads, schools,
and other things that can be
affected by a typhoon or
earthquake.
a that may result in lpotentially dangerous physical
occurrence, phenomenon or human activityoss of life
or injury, property damage, social andeconomic disruption,
or environmental degradation.

This is the danger or


HAZARD
threat itself.

➡️Example:
A typhoon, flood, earthquake, or
volcanic eruption.
the condition determined by physical, social,
economic and environmental factors or
processes, which increase the
susceptibility of a community to the
impact of hazard
➡️ Example: Poor communities with weak houses
and limited resources are more vulnerable to
typhoons compared to wealthy communities with
strong buildings and better disaster preparation.

VULNERABILITY
What can be affected
EXPOSURE

The danger itself


HAZARD

How weak or
prepared you are VULNERABILITY
Example
 Exposure
Houses, people, and
Situation:
crops in the typhoon's During a typhoon:
path
 Hazard
The strong winds and heavy
rain from the typhoon
[use this space to place an image that best
captures the main idea of point #2]
Vulnerability
Poorly built houses and lack of
early warning systems make
people more at risk
Example
 Exposure Situation:
People, buildings, roads, Earthquake in a
etc. in the barangay Barangay
 Hazard
The earthquake (shaking of
the ground)
[use this space to place an image that best
captures the main idea of point #2]
Vulnerability
Weak houses and lack of
earthquake preparedness
Example
 Exposure Situation:
People, houses, schools, Flooding in a Low-
and farms in the flood- Lying Town
prone area
 Hazard
Heavy rainfall causing
[use this space to place an image that best
floods captures the main idea of point #2]
Vulnerability
Poor drainage, weak houses,
and lack of preparedness
We can not avoid natural events from
occurring, but we can concentrate on
addressing the reduction of risk and
exposure by determining the factors
causing disasters
The following are also taken into consideration
when risk factors underlyingdisaster are
involved

Severity of exposure
Gender and Family
Age
 Economic status of country
SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE
The closer you are to the disaster, the higher your risk of
emotional and mental problems.

1. who experience disaster first-hand (higher risk-


future mental health problems.
2. those in contact with the victims (rescue
workers, health care practitioners)
3. most distant (lower risk) - have awareness of
the disaster
GENDER AND FAMILY
Women and families face greater emotional and mental
impacts during and after a disaster.

1. female gender suffers more adverse


effects.
2. worsens when children are present at
home
3. Marital relationships can also become
strained
AGE
Children are the most vulnerable to emotional stress during
disasters, while middle-aged adults are also heavily affected.

1. adultsin the age range of 40-60 are


more stressed after disasters
2. children exhibit more stress after
disasters than adults do.
ECONOMIC STATUS OF
COUNTRY
Developing countries suffer worse effects from disasters,
including higher rates of mental health issues.

1. evidence indicates that severe mental


problems resulting from disasters are
more prevalent in developing
countries like the Philippines.
mental health risks and
disaster impacts vary based on
personal experiences, social
roles, and economic
conditions

REMEMBER!
FACTORS WHICH UNDERLIE
DISASTERS

1. Disasters are not caused by hazards


alone.
2. Several
factors influence how much
damage a disaster can cause to
people, property, and the
environment.
6 FACTORS WHICH UNDERLIE
DISASTERS
1. Climate Change
2. Environmental Degradation
3. Globalized Economic Development
4. Poverty and Inequality
5. Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development
6. Weak Governance
1. Climate Change
 can increase disaster risk in a
variety of ways - by altering the
frequency and intensity of hazards
events, affecting vulnerability to
hazards, and changing exposure
patterns.
 climate change is the change that
can be attributed “directly or indirectly
to human activity that alters the
composition of the global
atmosphere and which is in addition
to natural climate variability observed
1. Climate Change
Example: More
intense typhoons are
becoming common in
the Philippines
because of climate
change.
2. Environmental Degradation

1. changesto the environment can


influence the frequency and intensity
of hazards, as well as our exposure
and vulnerability to these hazards.
2. Environmental Degradation
1. deforestation of slopes often
leads to an increase in landslide
hazard
2. removal of mangroves can
increase the damage caused by
storm surges
3. leads to increased risk from
disasters, and in turn, natural
hazards can further degrade
the environment.
3. Globalized Economic Development

1. It results in an increased polarization between


the rich and poor on a global scale.
3. Globalized Economic Development

1. Currently increasing the exposure of assets in hazard prone


areas, globalized economic development provides an
opportunity to build resilience if effectively managed.
3. Globalized Economic Development

1. Example: Cities with more wealth can


build better infrastructure to
withstand earthquakes, while poorer
areas may be more vulnerable.
4. Poverty and Inequality
1. Impoverished people are more likely to live in
hazard-exposed areas and are less able to
invest in risk-reducing measures.
2. The lack of access to insurance and social
protection means that people in poverty are often
forced to use their already limited assets to buffer
disaster losses
4. Poverty and Inequality
1. Example: People living
in informal settlements
or slums near flood-
prone areas are more
likely to suffer from
floods because their
homes are not built to
withstand them.
5. Poorly planned and
Managed Urban Development
1. A new wave of
urbanization is
unfolding in hazard-
exposed countries and
with it, new
opportunities for
resilient investment
emerge.
5. Poorly planned and
Managed Urban Development

1.Example: A rapidly growing city


without enough drainage systems
can face worse flooding during
heavy rain.
6. Weak Governance
1. weak governance zones are investment
environments in which public sector actors are
unable or unwilling to assume their roles and
responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic
services and public services.
6. Weak Governance

1. Example: A city without proper


emergency response systems can
have more deaths and damage during
a disaster because the authorities are
not well-prepared.
These factors underscore how a survivor’s
psychological state, pre-existing
conditions, and the severity of the
disaster’s impact contribute to their
overall ability to recover.
Comprehensive support addressing
these elements is vital to improving
7 Factors Related to
Survivor’s Background:
1. Pre-disaster Functioning-not functioning well before the
disaster

2. Lack of Disaster Experience


3. Additional Stressors (e.g., financial struggles, health
problems)

4. Low Self-Esteem
5. Feeling Uncared For
6. Perception of Lack of Control
7 Factors Contributing to
Worse Outcomes:
1. Death of Someone Close
2. Injury to Self or Family Members
3. Life Threat (direct threat)
4. Panic, Horror, or Similar Feelings
5. Separation from Family
6. Massive Loss of Property
7. Displacement (loss of social networks and community support)
In short, disasters are often the
result of human actions and
choices, but with better planning and
management, we can reduce the
risks and impacts.
Analyze the
given
situation by
identifying the
correct risk
QUIZ: Choose the letter of the best answer.
QUIZ: Choose the letter of the best answer.
QUIZ: Choose the letter of the best answer.
QUIZ: Choose the letter of the best answer.
QUIZ: Choose the letter of the best answer.
QUIZ: Choose the letter of the best answer.
QUIZ: Choose the letter of the best answer.
QUIZ: Choose the letter of the best answer.
QUIZ: Choose the letter of the best answer.
QUIZ: Choose the letter of the best answer.
THANK YOU!

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