LOGIC GATES AND

TRUTH TABLES
PREPARED BY DYCYN T. ALVARO
 WHAT IS A LOGIC GATE?
• A logic gates are an electronic circuit that are designed
by using electrical components like diodes,
transistors, resistors, and more.
• It is used to perform logical operations based on the
inputs provided to it and gives logical output that can
be either high(1) or low(0).
• The operation of logic gates is based on the Boolean
algebra or mathematics.
• Logic gate founds its uses in our day to day basis such
as in the architecture of our telephone, laptops, tablets
an memory devices.
 AND GATE
• An AND gate is used to perform
logical Multiplication of binary input.
The Output state of the AND gate will
be high(1) if both the input are
high(1) ,else the output state will be
low(0) if any of the input is low(0).
• The Boolean Expression or logic for
the AND gate is the logical
multiplication of inputs denoted by a
full stop or single dot as A.B=X
• The value of X will be True when
both the inputs will be True.
 OR GATE
• OR GATE is most widely used
digital logic circuit. The output
state of OR gate will be high i.e.,(1)
if any of the input state is high or 1,
else output state will be low i.e., 0.
• TheBoolean Expression for the OR
gate is the logical addition of inputs
denoted by plus sign(+) as X= A+B
• The value of X will be high(true)
when one of the inputs is set to
high (true).
 NOT GATE
• In digital electronics, the NOT gate is
one of the basic logic gate having
only a single input and a single
output. It is also known as inverter
or inverting buffer. When the input
signal is “low” the output signal is
“high” and vice-versa.
• The Boolean expression of NOT Gate
is as follows
Y = Ā or
Y = A’
• the value of Y will be high when A
will be low.
 NOR GATE
• The NOR gate is the type of universal logic
gate. It takes two or more inputs and gives
only one output. The output state of the
NOR gate will be high(1) when all the inputs
are low(0). NOR gate returns the
complement result of the OR gate. It is
basically a combination of two basic logic
gates i.e., OR gate and NOT gate.
• The Boolean expression of NOR gate is as
follows
- If A and B are considered as two inputs,
and O as output, then the expression for
a two input NOR gate will be
O = (A + B)’
• The value of O will be true when all of its
inputs are set to 0.
 NAND GATE
• The NAND Gate is another type of
Universal logic gate. The NAND gate or
“Not AND” is the combination of two basic
logic gates AND gate and the NOT gate
connected in series. It takes two or more
inputs and gives only one output. The
output of the NAND gate will give result
high(1) when either of its input is high(1)
or both of its input are low(0). In simple, it
performs the inverted operation of AND
gate.
• The Boolean Expression of NAND Gate is as
follows
• Say we have two inputs, A and B and the
output is called X, then the expression is
• X = (A . B)’
 XOR GATE
• In digital electronics, there is a specially
designed logic gate named, XOR gate, which is
used in digital circuits to perform modulo sum.
It is also referred to as Exclusive OR gate or Ex-
OR gate. it is used extensively in arithmetic
logic circuits., logic comparators and error
detection circuits. The XOR gate can take only
two inputs at a time and give an output. The
output of the XOR gate is high(1) only when its
two inputs are dissimilar i.e., if one of them is
low(0) then other one will be high(1).
• Say we have two inputs, A and B and the
output is called X, then the expression is
X = A’B + AB’
• The Boolean expression of XOR Gate is as
follows
X = A’B + AB’
 XNOR GATE
• The XNOR is the combination of XOR gate and NOT
gate. The output of the XNOR gate is high(1) when
both the inputs are high(1) or low(0). In other words,
the output of the XNOR gate is high(1) when both the
inputs are the same. the XNOR gate can be
sometimes be called as Equivalence gate. In simple
words, The XNOR gate is the complement of the XOR
gate.
• The following is the Boolean expression of the XNOR
gate,
Y=A⊙B
• Here, A and B are the input variables and Y is the
output variable.
• This expression can also be written as follows,
Y = AB + A’B’
• We can also express the operation of an XNOR gate
using XOR gate logic as follows:
Y = (A ⊕ B)’
APPLICATIONS OF LOGIC GATE
• Logic gates are the fundamental building blocks
of all digital circuits and devices like computers.
Here are some key digital devices in which logic
gates are utilized to design their circuits.
oComputers
oMicroprocessors
oMicrocontrollers
oDigital and smart watches
oSmartphones, etc.