English Time!
Objectives
a. Distinguish between unsupported claim
and logical arguments.
b. Use logical fallacy in a conversation
c. Recognize the importance of distinguishing
fallacious statements and logical arguments
in arguments.
1. When a child was born from curly haired
parents, he will have a curly hair too.
2. If we prohibit the selling of bottled water
because it causes garbage in the campus, we
should also prohibit the selling of plastic wrapped
biscuits. Therefore, if we still want to sell biscuits,
we should not prohibit the selling of bottled water.
3. Ann ate singkamas when she was pregnant, so
her daughter was white-skinned. Therefore, eating
singkamas when pregnant will make your child
white-skinned.
4. If you are born Filipino, you should always use
the “po” and “opo” when speaking to elders and
call your elder brothers and sisters as “ate” and
“kuya”.
Logical
Fallacies
Fallacies are common errors in reasoning
that will undermine the logic of your
argument
They can be either illegitimate arguments or
irrelevant point, and are often identified
because they lack evidence to support their
claim.
Common characteristics of fallacious statements:
Unsubstantiated claims or assumption
Lack of credible evidence
Flawed or biased reasoning
Emotional appeals or manipulative language
Failure to consider alternative perspectives
Unwarranted conclusions
Unsubstantiated claims or
assumption
"I’m sure that if you start your day with yoga, you’ll
be more successful in life.“
This makes a broad claim without evidence to
support the idea that yoga alone directly leads to
success.
Lack of credible evidence
"There’s no proof that climate change is real;
I’ve read articles on the internet that say
otherwise.”
This statement dismisses scientific consensus
without providing reliable, credible sources or
evidence.
Flawed or biased reasoning
"My grandmother smoked every day and lived to
90, so smoking can’t be that bad for you.“
This argument relies on a single anecdotal
experience while ignoring vast scientific
evidence on the harms of smoking.
Emotional appeals or manipulative language
"If you don’t support this charity, you’re heartless
and don’t care about children in need."
This appeals to the audience’s emotions of guilt
and compassion rather than offering logical
reasons to support the charity.
Failure to consider alternative perspectives
"Anyone who doesn’t use social media is just
out of touch with the world.“
This overlooks alternative viewpoints, such as
concerns about privacy or the belief that social
media can be harmful, suggesting that not using
it means being disconnected from society.
Unwarranted conclusions
"I saw someone wearing a black hoodie today,
and they stole my lunch. All people who wear
hoodies are criminals.“
This is a hasty generalization, making a broad
and unwarranted conclusion based on a single
event.
Hype It!
Students will create a short, silly commercial for a fictional
product. They are encouraged to use logical fallacy and
exaggerations to promote their product.
Criteria:
Content – 20
Creativity – 10
Cooperation – 10
Timeliness – 10
Evaluation
Identify whether the statement is an example of
logical argument or an unsupported claim.
1. Since the school’s badminton team won the
last three games, they are guaranteed
2. My neighbor’s dog bit me, so all dogs are
dangerous.
3. Eating a balanced diet and exercising
regularly can improve overall health.
4. If we allow students to have cellphones in
school, they will spend their time texting and not
pay attention in class.
5. Studying a foreign language is essential for
success in the globalized world.
Thank you!
