-Rihana D.
Unit 1- Water
Education
Chapter 1: Environment and
Ecosystem
Environment
types of environment
types of ecosystem
Water for the environment
Correlation between ecosystem and Group-1
water
Balanced use and conservation of
Environment and
Ecosystem
The Energy Cycle
TYPES OF
ENVIRONMENT
There are Two Types of Environment:
1. Natural Environment & 2. Man-Made Environment
1. Natural Environment.
The Natural Environment consists
of Water, Air, Soil, Forest, Animals,
Biological Elements, Climate,
Atmosphere etc.
Some Natural Elements Of
Maharashtra State :
The Sahyadri in the West, The Deccan Plateau in
the middle, The coastal region in the Middle, The
coastal region of Konkan and The Vidarbha-
Khandesh.
2. Man-Made Environment.
The Man-Made environment consists of human
settlements, transportation by various means like roads,
airways, waterways, railways, etc.
WHAT is AN ecosystem?
The relationship between Abiotic and Biotic
elements and their interaction is called
“Ecosystem”
We have2 types of Ecosystem – Land and Aquatic.
They are explained in subsequent slides.
Land Ecosystem
• A land, or terrestrial, ecosystem is all the living organisms and
their physical environment on a particular piece of land
• It includes Grasslands, Forests and deserts. Its covers about
9.4% of the total surface area of the earth ie about 30% of total
land.
Aquatic Ecosystem
• There are 2 main types – Freshwater and saltwater
• Aquatic ecosystems include oceans, lakes, rivers, streams,
estuaries, and wetlands.
• Within these aquatic ecosystems are living things that
depend on the water for survival, such as fish, plants, and
microorganisms
Forest Ecosystem
Forests consist not only of living (biotic)
components like trees, animals, plants, and
other living things but also of nonliving
(abiotic) components such as soil, water, air,
and landforms. All of these components
together make up a forest ecosystem.
Types of
forests in
The forest types mainly found in
‘Maharashtra’
Maharashtra are as follows:-
-Rihana D.
Ever-Green
Forests:-
Evergreen Forests are seen in areas with
abundant rainfall.
Trees found in these types of forest are
evergreen throughout ALL THE
SEASONS….
Semi evergreen
forests:-
The lower regions of evergreen
forests where rainfall is slightly
lower, and temperature is slightly
higher.
Partially evergreen forests are seen in
this region are called as semi
Wet deciduous
forests:-
Wet deciduous forests are found on the
mountain slopes and in some places even
on the surface with very little rainfall and
higher temperature.
Dry deciduous
forests:-
Dry deciduous forests are the forests
where leafless dry stems of all the
trees/ shrubs are seen in the region
with rare rainfall and highest
temperatures.
‘Khajan’ Forests
along the bay
• The forests observed in
wetland and muddy regions
along the bay of Konkan
region are known as khajan
forests. Also known as the
mangrove forest. The trees
in these forests are tiwar,
Ambeti, kajla,
samudraphal, etc.
AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM
~ BY LEEAN
There are two main types of
aquatic ecosystems
FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM
SALTWATER
ECOSYSTEM
FRESH WATER IS CLASSIFIED
AS:
STAGNANT WATER
ECOSYSTEM
FRESH WATER
ECOSYSTEM
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM:
INTERACTION
Various components of
the ecosystem interacts
by water, carries nutrients
and is further used by
organisms in the
ecosystem
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM’S
NATURAL
01 WATERCHARACTERISTICS
DEPTH 05 LIGHT
02 CLEANLINESS 06 AMOUNT OF OXYGEN
03 ALKALINITY 07 CO2 GASES
04 TEMPERATURE 08 FLOW SPEED
This ecosystem is
habitat to an aquatic
life. This ecosystem
includes marine
environment as well as
water systems such as
lakes, rivers, ponds and
wetlands. These
ecosystems provide
abundant natural
resources to human
The Two Types of Aquatic
Ecosystems
Fresh Water Saline Water Ecosystem
Ecosystem
Water for the
Environment
Water sources of an Ecosystem
Rivers Ponds Bays
Occupations relying
on these water sources
Agricultu Fishing Bee
What is ‘Water for the
In order to preserve the water dependent
Environment?’
elements of our environment, some water
is kept away from water sources, this is
called as “Water for the Environment”
Water is an essential factor in
development of ecosystems
Correlation between ecosystem
and water
• For the development of aquatic ecosystems
and land ecosystems water is an essential
factor.
Land ecosystem
Grass lands deserts
Types of aquatic ecosystem
• Fresh water ecosystem
• Saline water ecosystem
Balanced use and
Conservation of
water in ecosystem
• All water sources must have
water to keep the ecosystem
functioning.
• Once upon a time, Rivers were
flowing throughout the year.
•Today, rivers dry up
immediately after the monsoon
and the ecosystem is
endangered due to heavy
pumping of water.
Important role of
water for the
environment:-
Water for the environment is in the rivers,
streams and in restoring natural flows linked to
wetlands.
This water plays a major role in maintaining the
health of rivers and wetland regions. So, it
supports the ecosystem depend on them.
