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05 Functions in Pl_sql

The document provides an overview of functions in PL/SQL, detailing their purpose to group SQL and PL/SQL statements that return values. It categorizes functions into in-built and user-defined types, with examples of various in-built functions such as ASCII, LPAD, LTRIM, REPLACE, SUBSTR, TO_CHAR, and aggregate functions like SUM and MAX. Additionally, it outlines the syntax for creating user-defined functions, emphasizing the importance of return types and execution sections.

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2 views

05 Functions in Pl_sql

The document provides an overview of functions in PL/SQL, detailing their purpose to group SQL and PL/SQL statements that return values. It categorizes functions into in-built and user-defined types, with examples of various in-built functions such as ASCII, LPAD, LTRIM, REPLACE, SUBSTR, TO_CHAR, and aggregate functions like SUM and MAX. Additionally, it outlines the syntax for creating user-defined functions, emphasizing the importance of return types and execution sections.

Uploaded by

rockstarlovely32
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUNCTIONS IN PL/SQL

Presented by :-
Amit Kumar
Roll No :- 05
MCA-2
year(A)
FUNCTIONS IN PL/SQL

 Functions in PL/SQL group together SQL and

PL/SQL statements that perform a task and

should return a value or values to the calling

environment.
TYPES OF PL/SQL

1) In-built Function
2) User defined Function
In-built Function

 These functions are classified into two

categories

1) Single row function/ Scalar functions

2) Group function/ Aggregate functions


Single Row Function
ASCII (‘<c1>’):-This function returns the
ASCII decimal value of first character in
c1.Here ‘c1’ is a character string
SQL>select ASCII(‘A’) from dual;
e.g:-
LPAD
LPAD(‘<C1>’ , ’<I>’ , ‘<C2>’) :- This
function returns the character string c1
expanded in length to ‘I’ characters
using c2 to fill the blank spaces on the
left hand side of c1.
SQL>select lpad(‘accounting’,12,’*’)
from dual;
LTRIM

 LTRIM(‘<C1>’,’<C2>’) :- This function will

return the c1 without any leading character

appeared in c2. if no c2 character are leading

character in c1 then c1 is returned unchanged.


SQL> select LTRIM(‘NISHA’,’N’) from
dual;
REPLACE
 REPLACE(‘<c1>’ , ‘<c2>’ , ‘<c3>’) :- This
function return c1 with all occurrences of
c2 replaced with c3. If c3 is null, all
occurrences of c2 are removed.
SQL> select replace(‘hello sir’, ’ sir’ ,
’madam’) from dual;
SUBSTR
 SUBSTR(‘<c1>’,’<i>’,’<j>’) :- This
function return the portion of c1 that is ‘j’
characters long & beginning at position i.
SQL> select substr(‘secure’,3,4) from
dual;
TO_CHAR
 TO_CHAR( number/date,fmt) :- This
function convert a number or date value
to a varchar character string with format
model fmt. With the help of this function,
part of the date i.e. date,month or year
can also be extracted.
SQL> select sysdate,to_char
(sysdate,’FMMon ddth, yyyy’) from dual;
Extract function
 Extractfunction :- This function extracts
a value from a date or interval value.
SQL> select extract(YEAR FROM DATE
'2003-08-22‘) from dual;
GROUP FUNCTIONS
 Functions that act on a set of values are called
group functions. Group functions don’t process
null values & don’t return a null value.
For example :-
SUM :- This function returns the sum of values
for the selected
column.
SQL> select sum(sal) from emp;
MAX :- This function returns the minimum value
of selected
column.
SQL>select min (sal) from emp;
USER DEFINED
FUNCTIONS
Syntax for a function is :-

CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION


function_name (parameter [,parameter])

RETURN return_datatype
IS | AS
[declaration_section]
BEGIN
executable_section
END;
1) Return Type: The header section
defines the return type of the function.
The return datatype can be any of the
oracle datatype like varchar, number etc.

2) The execution and exception section


both should return a value which is of the
datatype defined in the header section.
Function creating

Function calling
Example:
Function creating

Function calling
Example:
http://www.techonthenet.com/ora
cle/index.php

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