SENTENCES

group 5
TODAY’S LESSON
OBJECTIVES
• Identify and define
simple, compound, and
run-on sentences.
• Differentiate between
the three sentences
structures.
• Correct run-on
sentences using
appropriate puntuation
or conjunctions.
 WHAT IS A SENTENCE?
A sentence is a group of
words that expresses a
complete thought and
contains a subject and a
verb.
For example: The dog barked.
 TYPES OF SENTENCES
Sentences can be classified into different types
based on their structure and purpose:

• Simple Sentence
• Compound
Sentence
 SIMPLE SENTENCE

A simple sentence is the most

basic form of a sentence,
consisting of one independent
clause (subject and predicate)
and and no dependent clauses.
 IDENTIFYING SIMPLE
SENTENCE:
1. Subject - contains the
simple subject (a noun or
pronoun) and any associated
modifiers.

2. Predicate - contains the

main verb and any helping
verbs, objects, and modifiers.
 ELEMENTS THAT MAKE IT A
A subject, a verb SENTENCE:
• A simple sentence has the
most basic elements that
make it a sentence: a
subject, a verb, and a
completed thought.
• A simple sentence is a
single independent clause
 EXAMPLES:
The cat sleeps.
(subject: cat, verb: sleeps)-this tells us what the cat
is doing.

He runs quickly.
(subject: he, verb: runs)-this tells us about his
speed.
 EXAMPLES:
The sun shines brightly.
(subject: sun, verb: shines)-this describes the sun's
action.

Birds fly in the sky.

(subject: birds, verb: fly)-this tells us where
the birds fly.
COMPOUND SENTENCE

A compound sentence combines

two or more independent clauses to
make a single sentence. It helps
create variety and flow in writing
while keeping ideas connected.
1.WHAT IS AN INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE?
An independent clause is a group of
words that
• has a subject (who or what the
sentence is about).
• has a verb (what the subject is
doing).
• expresses a complete thought
(can stand alone as a sentence)
EXAMPLE:
• I love ice cream. (subject: I,
verb: love)
• She plays soccer. (subject: she,
verb: plays)

• Since these sentences stand

alone, they are independent
clauses.
 2. HOW TO FORM A
COMPOUND SENTENCE
You can combine two independent
clauses using three methods:

A. Coordinating Conjunctions
(FANBOYS)
FANBOYS= For, And, Nor, But, Or,
Yet, So
FORMULA: Independent clause
Rule; Place a comme (,) before 1 + ,
FANBOYS
FANBOYS. + Independent clause 2
 2. HOW TO FORM A
COMPOUND
Example: SENTENCE

• I was hungry, so I made a

sandwich.
• She wanted to go out, but it was
raining.
• You can take the bus, or you can
walk home.
 2. HOW TO FORM A
COMPOUND SENTENCE
B. Semicolon (;)
-Use semicolon (;) to join two
independent clauses without
FANBOYS.
The two ideas should be closely
related.
FORMULA: Independent clause 1 + ;
+ Independent clause 2
 2. HOW TO FORM A
COMPOUND
Example: SENTENCE

• The sun was shining; we went to

the beach.
• I studied all night; I aced the
test.
 2. HOW TO FORM A
C. Semicolon + Conjunctive Adverb
COMPOUND SENTENCE
-A conjunctive adverb (e.g., however,
therefore, meanwhile, thus, instead)
adds transitions and meaning.

Place a semicolon (;) before and a

comma (,) after the conjunctive adverb.
FORMULA: Independent clause 1 + ; +
Conjunctive adverb + Independent clause
2
 2. HOW TO FORM A
COMPOUND
Example: SENTENCE

• She wanted to go out; however,

it was raining.
• He was tired; therefore, he went
to bed early.
• We missed the bus; as a result,
we were late for school.
3. MORE EXAMPLES OF
With FANBOYS:
COMPOUND
- The movie was long, but it was
entertaining.
- I didn’t have an umbrella, so I got
soaked in the rain.

With a Semicolon:
- She has a test tomorrow; she needs to
study.
- The dog was barking; the neighbors
3. MORE EXAMPLES OF
COMPOUND
With a Semicolon + Conjunctive
Adverb:
- We wanted to go swimming; however,
the pool was closed.
- The store was out of milk; therefore,
we had to go somewhere else.
4. COMMON MISTAKES TO
AVOID
Comma Splice
– Using just a comma to join two
independent clauses.

Incorrect:
- I love reading, I go to the library
often.
Correct:
- I love reading, so I go to the library
4. COMMON MISTAKES TO
AVOID
Run-on Sentence
– Two independent clauses stuck
together without proper punctuation.

Incorrect:
- She was late she missed the bus.
Correct:
- She was late, so she missed the bus. -
She was late; she missed the bus.
5. WHY USE COMPOUND
SENTENCE?
- Makes writing more interesting
(instead of short, choppy sentences).
- Shows relationships between ideas
(cause-effect, contrast, choice, etc.).
- Improves sentence flow for better
readability.
COMPLEX SENTENCE

A complex sentence is a sentence with

one independent clause and at least
one dependent clause. It works best
when you need to provide more
information to explain or modify your
sentence’s main point.
1.STRUCTURE
A complex sentence has:

An independent clause
(a complete thought that can stand
alone)

A dependent clause
(an incomplete thought that depends on
the main clause)
1.STRUCTURE
Example:

"Because it was raining, we decided to

stay indoors."

Independent clause: "We decided to

stay indoors."

Dependent clause: "Because it was

raining." (This clause cannot stand
2. TYPES OF DEPENDENT
A. Adverbial Clauses
CLAUSES • Modify the verb in the main clause
and answer questions like why,
when, where, how, and under what
conditions.

Examples:
"Although she was tired, she finished
her homework." (Tells us why she
finished)
2. TYPES OF DEPENDENT
Common subordinating conjunctions for
CLAUSESadverbial clauses:

Time: when, while, before, after, as soon

as

Cause/Reason: because, since, as

Condition: if, unless, provided that

2. TYPES OF DEPENDENT
Common subordinating conjunctions for
CLAUSESadverbial clauses:

Purpose: so that, in order that, for the

purpose of

Manner: as, as if, as though

Place: where, wherever

2. TYPES OF DEPENDENT
B. Adjective (Relative) Clauses
CLAUSES • Modify a noun or pronoun and
usually begin with relative pronouns
like who, whom, whose, which, or
that.

Examples:
"The book that I borrowed from the
library is very interesting." (Modifies
"book")
2. TYPES OF DEPENDENT
C. Noun Clauses
CLAUSES • Function as a noun (subject, object,
or complement) in the sentence.

Examples:
"What he said was surprising." (Acts as
the subject)
"I don’t know where she went." (Acts as
the object of "know")
2. TYPES OF DEPENDENT
Common subordinators for noun
CLAUSESclauses:

that, whether, if who, whom, whose,

what, which where, when, why, how
3. PUNCTUATION RULES
When the dependent clause comes first,
use a comma.

"Because she was late, she missed the

bus."

When the independent clause comes

first, no comma is needed.

"She missed the bus because she was

 RUN-ON SENTENCE

A run-on sentence occurs when two

independent clauses run together
without proper punctuation or
appropriate conjunctions.
 RUN-ON SENTENCE
Incorrect:
Raffi sings upbeat children's songs
he is an excellent musician.

Correcting the Problem

Correct:
Raffi sings upbeat children's songs;
he is an excellent musician.
 RUN-ON SENTENCE
A more common run-on sentence
uses a transitional expression, but
without necessary punctuation.

Rule To Remember
-A run-on sentence occurs when two
independent clauses run together
without proper punctuation or
appropriate conjunctions.
 RUN-ON SENTENCE
-Divide clauses into two sentences
-Insert a semicolon between the two
clauses
-Use a comma with either a
coordinating or subordinating
conjunction
Dividing the clauses into two
sentences by inserting a period
between them.
 RUN-ON SENTENCE
1.Dividing the clauses into two
sentences by inserting a period
between them.

Incorrect:
Mary came home from work early we
worked hard on our project.

Correct:
Mary came home from work early. We
 RUN-ON SENTENCE
2. Inserting a semicolon between
them, if the two clauses are very
closely related.

Incorrect:
Mary came home from work early
she had been feeling ill all morning.
Correct:
Mary came home from work early;
 RUN-ON SENTENCE

3. Using a comma with a

coordinating conjunction to
separate the clauses. The
coordinating conjunctions are: and,
but, or, so, for, yet, nor.
 RUN-ON SENTENCE
Incorrect:
I was too tired to go to the store the
guys shopped for three hours.

Correct:
I was too tired to go to the store,
but the guys shopped for three
hours.
 RUN-ON SENTENCE

Incorrect:
I will watch The Office you do your
homework.

Correct:
I will watch the office while you do
your homework
Identify whether each sentence is a Simple
sentence (S), Compound sentence (C), Complex
sentence (CX), or Run-on sentence (R).

1. The sun is shining, and the birds are singing.

2. I love to read books my sister enjoys watching
movies.
3. Maria baked a cake for the party.
4. The dog barked, and the cat ran away.
5. We went to the beach it was a beautiful day.
6. Although he was tired, he continued working
on his project.
Fixing Run-on Sentences or Identifying Correct
Ones

7. I woke up early I went for a jog.

8. The phone rang, but no one answered.
9. She loves to dance she practices every day.
10. Since the train was late, we waited at the
station.
11. Which of the following is a simple sentence?

a) She studies hard because she wants to pass

the exam.
b) The sun shines brightly in the sky.
c) I went to the store, and I bought some milk.
d) I like ice cream my brother prefers cake.
12. Which sentence is a compound sentence?

a) After the show ended, we went home.

b) I love playing soccer, but my friend enjoys
basketball. c) My mom cooks dinner every night.
d) The dog barked loudly because it saw a
stranger.
13. Identify the run-on sentence from the choices
below.

a) I enjoy reading, and my sister likes painting.

b) The movie was exciting we watched it twice.
c) Although I was tired, I finished my homework.
d) My father works in an office, but my mother
stays at home.
14. Choose the correct way to fix this run-on
sentence: "She was hungry she made a
sandwich."

a) She was hungry, she made a sandwich.

b) She was hungry; she made a sandwich.
c) She was hungry and made a sandwich.
d) She was hungry because she made a
sandwich.
15. Which of the following sentences is a
complex sentence?

a) We went to the park it was a sunny day.

b) I wanted to call my friend, but my phone
battery was dead.
c) Because she loves to sing, she practices every
day.
d) The dog ran outside he chased a squirrel.