Entry Ticket

Compare and contrast

the sentences given
below:

Paul said, “I am feeling

ill.”
 Reported
Speech
Learning Objective: Apply
(Statements)
the appropriate rules in
transforming direct into
Criteria:
• I can differentiate between direct and
indirect speech.
• I can convert sentences from direct to
indirect and vice-versa.
 Direct Speech
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct
speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and
there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said
NOW (for example a telephone conversation) or telling someone later about a
previous conversation.
Examples
She says, "What time will you be home?"
She said, "What time will you be home?" and I said, "I don't know! "
"There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."
 Indirect
Speech
Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally
change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask',
and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas
We often give information about what people say or
think. In order to do this, we can use direct or
quoted speech, or indirect or reported speech.
Identify the following as direct or indirect
speech –

1.“Is that your coat?” Mrs. Miller asked.

2. Ryan suggested we all have a soda.
3. Fiona told us all about the concert.
4. “The traffic was terrible,” Mr. Thomas
complained.
Criteria:
• I can differentiate between direct and
indirect speech.
• I can convert sentences from direct to
indirect and vice-versa.
Reported speech consists of two parts:
the reporting clause and the reported clause.
• The reporting clause includes a verb such as say, tell,
ask, reply, shout, usually in the past simple.
• The reported clause includes what the original speaker
said.

reporting clause reported clause

William said, “I need your help.”
“Get out of there,
Then a man shouted,
fast!”
he had a package for
The postman said
us.
Conversion
Of
Rule No. 1:
When the introductory verb (say, tell,
inform, state, claim…) is in the present,
present perfect or future tense, no
change in tense or adverbs of time and
place is necessary.

Direct speech:
He says: “I don’t understand this
Rule No. 2: If the reporting verb is in the
Past Tense the verb in the reported speech is
also changed
DIRECT SPEECHto the corresponding INDIRECT past
Simple Present: She said, "It is cold." Simple Past: She said that it was
tense. cold.
Present Continuous: He said, “Anand Past Continuous: He said that Anand
is working hard.” was working hard
Present Perfect: Peter said, “Bali has Past Perfect: Peter said that Bali had
done his work.” done his work.
Simple Past: Bali said, “Raman Past perfect: Bali said that Raman
returned at noon.” had returned at noon.
Past Continuous: He said, “All were Past Perfect Continuous: He said that
laughing at the beggar.” all had been laughing at the beggar.
Past perfect: She said, "The lesson Past perfect: NO CHANGE - She said
had already started when he that the lesson had already started
Rule No. 3: (exception to
Rule 2)
If the Direct Speech contains some
universal truth or habitual action, then
the Simple present in Indirect Speech is
not changed into the corresponding
Simple Past.
Direct: The teacher said, “Honesty is the best
Rule No. 4: Modal verb forms also
change
MODAL Direct speech Indirect Speech
He said, “The boy He said that the may becomes
may
may pass.” boy might pass. might
I said, “I can do I said that I could can becomes
Can
the sum.” do the sum. could
The teacher said, The teacher said will becomes
will “Ashok will not that Ashok would would
pass.” not pass.
She said, ‘I shall She said she shall usually
need more would need more becomes would
money.’ money.
shall
‘Shall I open it?’ She asked if she in reported
she asked. should open it. questions, shall
Rule No. 5:
First person pronouns in the direct
speech change according to the subject
of the reporting verb in the indirect
speech.

Direct: John said, “I am busy.”

Indirect: John said that he was busy.
Rule No. 6:
Second person pronouns in the direct
speech change according to the
object of the reporting verb in the
indirect speech.

Direct: Harish said to me, “You are

wrong.”
Rule No. 7:
Third person pronouns in the
direct speech will not change in
the indirect speech.

Direct: Harish said to me, ‘‘He is

Rule No. 8:
When turning a sentence from Direct into Indirect Speech
words showing nearness are changed into words showing
distance. beco
now then
mes
beco
here there
mes
beco
today that day
mes
tomorr beco
the next day
ow mes
beco
this that
mes
Noteb
Reported Speech
- Conversion Of
Statements Into
Entry Ticket: Done Orally
Learning Objective: Convert
Indirect
direct speech Speech
into indirect
speech, correctly changing
Criteria:
• I can differentiate between direct and
indirect speech.
• I can convert sentences from direct to
indirect and vice-versa.
Challenge 1:
Change the following into indirect
speech.

1. Pranit and his sister said, “We are

planning out a great surprise for Dad
and Mom.”
2. The coach said to his team,
“Practice makes perfect.”
Answer Key
1.Pranit and his sister said that they
were planning out a great surprise
for Dad and Mom.”
2. The coach told his team that
practice makes perfect.
3. Jenny said that the summer heat
has been too high this year.
CHALLENGE 2 CHALLENGE 3 CHALLENGE 4
Change the Change the Recollect one
following into following into dialogue you had
indirect speech: direct speech: with the people
1.She said, “He 1. He said that he like police, doctor,
works in a bank.” would do his best. teacher in the
2.She said, “He 2. Sia told past and try to
hasn’t eaten Kareena that she write them in
breakfast.” was a nice girl. direct and indirect
3. He said, “They 3.The teacher told speech. [One for
would help me.” me that she was each person]
4.Tina said to me, waiting for me. Example: Police
“I am writing a 4. My mom said Direct: The police
Assessment: Choose the right option –

1. Karthik said to his mother, ‘I am

leaving for New York tomorrow.’
a) Karthik told his mother that he was
leaving for New York tomorrow.
b) Karthik told his mother he is leaving
for New York tomorrow.
c) Karthik told his mother that he was
leaving for New York the next day.
Conversion
Of
Imperative
 Reported
Speech
Learning Objective: Apply
the(Imperatives)
appropriate rules in
transforming direct into
An imperative sentence may convey a
command, request, suggestion, advice or
instruction.

• So reporting verbs like order, tell,

instruct, command are all used for
command in reported speech.
• For requests we use reporting verbs
like request, ask, plead and beg.
Direct speech:
He said, “Go home.”
Reported speech:
He told me to go home.
(Infinitive)

“Stay in bed for a few days”, the

doctor said to me.  The doctor
We do not use a connective (eg. That) to introduce the
reported speech, instead the connective ‘to’ is added to the
verb in the imperative sentence. Here are examples for
different type of imperative sentences.
Command:
• The chef said to the helper, “Chop the vegetables quickly.”
(direct)
• The chef ordered the helper to chop the vegetables quickly.
(indirect)
Request:
• The student said to the librarian, “Please allow me to go to the
When imperatives ‘let’s’, ‘let us’, ‘let him’ are
changed into indirect speech we use reporting verbs like
‘suggest’, ‘proposes’, ‘should’, ‘to let’ and
‘might’.
Example:
a. He said, “Let’s go to the market.”
He suggested that they should go to the market.
b. The chairman of the water board said, “Let us adopt the
method of water harvesting and try to solve the water
Noteb
Conversion
Of
Imperative
Challenge 1
Change the following into indirect
speech:

1.She asked me, “Please lend me

your atlas”.
2.The conductor said to the man,
“Give the old lady your seat”.
Answers:

•She requested me to lend me

your atlas.
•The conductor advised the man to
give the old lady your seat.
•The teacher commanded/asked
Raj to stand up on the bench.
•
 Challenge 2 Challenge 3 Challenge 4
Change the following Change the following Change the
into indirect speech: into direct speech: sentences in above
1.She asked me, picture into reported
“Please lend me 1.The servant begged speech.
your atlas”. his master
2.The conductor said respectfully to
to the man, “Give pardon him.
the old lady your 2.The old woman
seat”. requested the boy to
3.The teacher said to help her.
Raj, "Stand up on 3.The teacher advised
the bench." the boys to work
4.The gardener said hard.
to children, "Don't 4.I forbade her to
pluck the flowers mention his name.
Assessment
Change the following into
direct speech.

1.Mom asked me to help my

sister in the kitchen.
2.The doctor advised me to
Rate your
confidence in
converting direct
speech to indirect
speech on a scale
of 1 to 5 and
explain why.