NUMBER SYSTEM
&
CONVERSION
Presented by Aditya R
WHAT IS NUMBER SYSTEM ?
• The number system that we
use in our day-to-day life is
the decimal number system.
Decimal number system has
base 10 as it uses 10 digits
from 0 to 9. In decimal
number system , the
successive positions to the left
of the decimal point represent
units, tens, hundreds,
thousand and so on.
COMPLEMENT OF NUMBER
• One's complement: In binary system, if
each 1 is replaced by 0and each 0 by 1,
then resulting number is called as one's
complement of the that number.
• If first number is positive then resulting will
be negative with the same magnitude and
vice versa.
• In binary arithmetic 1's complement of a
binary number N is obtained by the formula
= (2n-1) – N
• Where n is the no of bits in
binary number N.
EXAMPLE
• Convert binary number 111001101 to 1's complement.
• Method:
• Replace 0 with 1 and vice versa.
• N=111001101
• Answer:
• 1's complement of N is 000110010
TWO’S COMPLEMENT
• Two's complement: If 1 is
added to the complement
of a number then resulting
number is known as two's
complement.
• If MSB is 0 then the
number is positive else if
MSB is 1 then the number
is negative.
• 2's complement of a binary
number N is obtained by
the formula (2n) - N, Where
n is the no of
bits in number N
EXAMPLE
• Convert binary number 111001101 to 2's complement
• Method:
• 2's complement of a binary no can be obtained by two step
process
• Step 1
• 1's complement of number N = 000110010
• Step 2
• 1's complement + 1
• 000110010 +000000001 = 000110011
• Answer
• 2's complement of a binary no 111001101 is 000110011
BINARY TO DECIMAL
• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 2n,
where n is the "weight" of
the bit
• The weight is the position
of the bit, starting from 0
on the right
• Add the results
EXAMPLE
• (101011) 2 => 1 * 2 0
=1
• 1 * 2 1
=2
• 0 * 2 2
=0
• 1 * 2 3
=8
• 0 * 2 4
=0
• 1 * 2 5
=32
• (43)10
OCTAL TO DECIMAL
• Technique:
Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the
"weight" of the bit.
• The weight is the position of the bit,
starting from 0 on the right.
• Add the results
EXAMPLE
• (724)8
◦ 4 x 80 =4
◦ 2 x 81 =16
◦ 7 x 82 =
448
◦
=(468)10
•
HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
• Technique:
• • Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the
"weight" of the bit
• • The weight is the position of the bit,
starting from 0 on the right
• • Add the results
EXAMPLE
• (ABC)16=> C x 16 0
= 12 x 1
=12
• B x 16 1 =11 x 16
=176
• A x 16 2
=10 x 256
=2560
•
(2748)10
OCTAL TO BINARY
• Technique
• Convert each octal digit to a 3 bit
equivalent binary representation.
• (705) 8 =
• 7 0 5
• 111 000 101
• (705)8= 111000101
DECIMAL TO BINARY
• * Technique
• * Divide by two, keep track of the
remainder
• * First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-
significant bit)
• Second remainder is bit 1
EXAMPLE
• (125)10=? 2 125 Remainder
2 62 1
2 31 0
• (125)10=1111101
2 15 1
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
0 1
HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
• Technique
• Convert each hexadecimal digit
to a 4 bit equivalent binary
representation.
• (10AF) 16 = (?)2
• 1 0 A F
• 0001 0000 1010 1111
• (10AF)16 = 0001000010101111
Find the one’s complement of the following 8-bit binary
numbers:11000011
Solution
• Step 1: Write the given binary number
• 11000011
• Step 2: Invert all bits (0 → 1, 1 → 0)
• 00111100
• The one's complement of 11000011 is 00111100.
To find the two’s complement of the 8-bit binary number
00100110
Solution
• Step 1: Write the given binary number
• 00100110
• Step 2: Find the One’s Complement (Invert all bits)
• 11011001
• Step 3: Add 1 to the One’s Complement
• 11011001 + 1 ------------ 11011010
• Final Answer:
• The two’s complement of 00100110 is 11011010.
Convert 725₈ (octal) to decimal.
Solution
• Step 1: Write the positional values
• 7258=(7×82)+(2×81)+(5×80)
• Step 2: Solve each term
• (7×64)+(2×8)+(5×1)
• 448+16+5=469
• Final Answer:
• 7258=46910
Convert 45₁₀ (decimal) to binary.
Solution
• Convert 45₁₀ (decimal) to binary.
2
• Step 1: Divide by 2 and note the remainder 45 Remainder
2 22 1
2 11 0
• Read the remainders from bottom to top2 5 1
• 4510=1011012 2 2 1
2 1 0
0 1
Convert 11000011₂ to decimal.
Solution
• Step 1: Write the binary number and assign powers of 2
• Each digit in the binary number represents a power of 2, starting
from the right (2⁰, 2¹, 2², ...).
• Binary: 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
• Powers: 2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰
• Values: 128 64 0 0 0 0 2 1
• Step 2: Add the values together
• 128+64+2+1=195
