In
History,
Philipp Asian Worl
ine d
In
Biology,
Cells Tissu Orga
In Essay es ns
Writing,
Introdu Body Conclu
ction sion
S
EQUEN
CE
and
ERIES
Objectives
At the end of this course presentation, you will
be able to:
1. find the pattern of a sequence.
2. identify the next term of a sequence.
3. differentiate between infinite and finite
sequences.
4. give the value of sum of numbers in a
sequence.
5. value the importance of respect in a family
and orderliness in workplace.
SEQUE
NCE
A succession of
numbers in a specific
order
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…
Where can sequence be
observed in daily living?
Where can sequence be
observed in your own home?
Where can sequence be observed
in a specific household chore?
TERM
numbers in the
sequence
1st term 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,… 5th term
TYPES of
SEQUENCES
FINITE
INFINITE
FINITE SEQUENCE limited domain
a sequence that ends
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
< A sequence that has a first term and
a last term >
INFINITE SEQUENCEunlimited domain
a sequence that has no end
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …} ellipsis
< There is another term after each term of the
sequence>
GENERAL TERMS OF
SEQUENCE
If a is a sequence, its general
term or nth term is its
function value a(n) usually
denoted by an
In the sequence 0, 1, 3, 6, 10,
15,… we can denote the terms
as follows:
a₁ = 0 a₃ = 3 a₅ =10
a₂ = 1 a₄ = 6 a₆ =15
Rememb
er
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
term term term term term term term
8th 9th 10th
term term term
nth term
Find the first four
Replace n terms of the sequence
with 1, 2, 3, defined by
and 4 in the
expression of a₁ a
=n = 2n
2(1) + +
131
=
an a₂ = 2(2) + 15=
a₃ = 2(3) + 17=
a₄ = 2(4) + 19=
= 2(20) + 1 41 =
Try
this!
Find the first five terms of the
sequence defined by
an =
a₁ = a₂ = a₃ = a₄ = a₅ =
a₂₅ = a₃₇ = a₇₃ =
Try
this!
Find the indicated term of
each sequence.
1. an = 6n - 4 2. an = 1 -
a₉= 50 a₁₂ =
3. an = ( n + 2)
a₅ =
112
Try
this!
Find the indicated term of
each sequence.
4. an = 5. an = 7n + 7
a₁₃ = a₁₀= 77
256
SERIES
the indicated sum of the
terms of a sequence
LIST
{, , , ,…}
SERIES
SEQUENC
,…
SUM E
TYPES of SERIES
FINITE
INFINITE
FINITE SERIES
a series with a countable number of
terms
= 5n ; S₄
= 5(1) = 5(2) = 5(3) = 5(4)
5+10 +15+ 20 = 50
FINITE SERIES
Find the sum for the given sequence
= ; = = =
S₃ 𝟑 𝟗
1+ + =¿
𝟐 𝟓
S₃= or
Try
this!
Find the sum for the given
= sequence
= . =
;
S₃
𝟓 =
2+ +1 =¿
𝟒
S₃= or
INFINITE SERIES
a series with an infinite number of terms
partial sum
4+10 +16+ 22+28 , …
𝑆 5=5 𝑡 h𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑚
𝑆 5=4+ 10+16 +22+28
𝑆 5=80
SUMMATIO
N
NOTATION
SUMMATION NOTATION
- a convenient notation in writing
a series
- It is the statistical symbol which
abbreviates the sum of the
quantities in a given range.
SUMMATION NOTATION
Upper Limit
5 Greek letter “Sigma”
∑ ( 2𝑛 )
Lower Limit 𝑛=1
“Summation of 2n from 1 to 5”
“The sum of 2n for between 1 and 5, inclusive”
SUMMATION NOTATION
1. 5 = 2(1) + 2(2) + 2(3) + 2(4) + 2(5)
∑ 2𝑛 = 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10
= 30
𝑥=1
2. 5
∑ 2 𝑥 +5 = [ 2(3) + 5 ] + [ 2(4) + 5 ] + [ 2(5) + 5 ]
= 11 + 13 + 15
𝑥 =3 = 39
SUMMATION NOTATION
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
3. 4 ¿ (𝟏¿¿ 𝟐+ 𝟏)+(𝟐 +𝟏)+(𝟑 +𝟏)+(𝟒 + 𝟏
∑ (𝑛 +1)2=
= 34
2 + 5 + 10 + 17
𝑛=1
4. 6 ¿ (𝟐¿¿ 𝟐)+ ( 𝟑𝟐 ) + ( 𝟒 𝟐 ) + ( 𝟓 𝟐 ) + ( 𝟔𝟐 ) ¿
∑𝑥 2
¿ 𝟒 +𝟗 +𝟏𝟔+ 𝟐𝟓+𝟑𝟔
= 90
𝑥 =2
SUMMATION NOTATION
5. 8 ¿ (𝟓+𝟑)+(𝟔+𝟑)+( 𝟕+𝟑)+(𝟖 +𝟑
∑ 𝑛+3 =
= 38
8 + 9 + 10 + 11
𝑛=5
SUMMATION NOTATION
Find the value of the following summation
notations:
1. 8 2. 7
∑ 𝑥 −5 ¿ 6 ∑ 𝑥 ¿ 28
𝑥 =5 𝑥=1
3. 4
∑ 3 𝑥 +2 ¿ 33
𝑥 =2
SUMMATION NOTATION
Write a summation notation based on the following:
5(1) + 5(2) + 5(3) + 5(4) + 5(5) + 5(6)
5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + 25 + 30
6
∑ 5𝑛
𝑛=1
SUMMATION NOTATION
Write a summation notation based on the following:
(1)² + (2)² + (3)² + (4)² + (5)² + (6)² + (7)²
1 + 4 + 9 + 16 + 25 + 36 + 49
7
∑𝑛 2
𝑛=1
SUMMATION NOTATION
Write a summation notation based on the following:
2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 …
∞
∑ 2𝑛
𝑛=1
SUMMATION NOTATION
Write a summation notation based on the following:
1 +3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17
9
∑ (2 𝑛−1)
𝑛=1
ARITH
SEQUE
METIC
ARITHMETIC
SEQUENCE
- also known as “Arithmetic
Progression”
- a sequence in which each
term after the first differs
from the preceding term
(previous term) by a
ARITHMETIC
SEQUENCE
- the difference between two
numbers is called the
common difference of the
sequence
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … d=1
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, … d=2
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, … d=2
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, … d=3
2, 6, 10, 14, 18, … d=4
d=4
1, 5, 9, 13, 17, …
d = -5
10, 5, 0, -5, -10, …
d = -25
100, 75, 50, 25, …
d = 10
30, 40, 50, 60, 70, …
d = 12
8, 20, 32, 44, 56, …
IDENTIFYING ARITHMETIC
SEQUENCE
2, 8, 14, 20, 26, … Arithmetic Sequence
50, 45, 40, 35, 30, … Arithmetic Sequence
5, 11, 21, 35, 53, … NOT Arithmetic Sequence
General Term of
ARITHMETIC
first term SEQUENCE
common
difference
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
nth term given term
1, 5, 9, 13, 17, …
Find the 70th term.
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝟕𝟎 =𝟏+ (𝟕𝟎 − 𝟏 ) 𝟒
𝒂𝟕𝟎 =𝟏+ (𝟔𝟗 ) 𝟒
𝒂𝟕𝟎 =𝟏+𝟐𝟕𝟔
𝒂𝟕𝟎 =𝟐𝟕𝟕
100, 75, 50, 25, …
Find the 95th term.
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝟗𝟓 =𝟏𝟎𝟎 + ( 𝟗𝟓 −𝟏 ) −𝟐𝟓
𝒂𝟗𝟓 =𝟏𝟎𝟎 + ( 𝟗𝟒 ) −𝟐𝟓
𝒂𝟗𝟓 =𝟏𝟎𝟎 +(− 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟎)
𝒂𝟗𝟓 =−𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟎
8, 20, 32, 44, 56, …
Find the 106th term.
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝟏𝟎𝟔 =𝟖+ ( 𝟏𝟎𝟔 − 𝟏 ) 𝟏𝟐
𝒂𝟏𝟎𝟔 =𝟖+ ( 𝟏𝟎𝟓 ) 𝟏𝟐
𝒂𝟏𝟎𝟔 =𝟖+𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟎
𝒂𝟏𝟎𝟔 =𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟖
Finding the nth term of a sequence.
4, 14, 24, 34, …
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝒏 =𝟒+ ( 𝒏 −𝟏 ) 𝟏𝟎
𝒂𝒏 =𝟒+𝟏𝟎 𝒏 −𝟏𝟎
𝒂𝒏 =𝟏𝟎 𝒏 −𝟔
Finding the nth term of a sequence.
3, 7, 11, 15, …
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝒏 =𝟑+ ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝟒
𝒂𝒏 =𝟑+𝟒 𝒏 − 𝟒
𝒂𝒏 =𝟒 𝒏 −𝟏
Finding the nth term of a sequence.
2, 8, 14, 20, …
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝒏 =𝟐+ ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝟔
𝒂𝒏 =𝟐+𝟔 𝒏 −𝟔
𝒂𝒏 =𝟔𝒏 −𝟒
Finding the nth term of a sequence.
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝒏 =𝟐+ ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝟓
𝒂𝒏 =𝟐+𝟓 𝒏 −𝟓
𝒂𝒏 =𝟓𝒏 −𝟑
Finding the nth term of a sequence.
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝒏 =𝟓+ ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) − 𝟑
𝒂𝒏 =𝟓+( −𝟑 𝒏+𝟑)
𝒂𝒏 =−𝟑 𝒏+ 𝟖
Find the indicated term of each of
the following arithmetic
sequences.
𝒂 =𝒂 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒏 𝟏
𝒂𝟐𝟓 =𝟒+ ( 𝟐𝟓 −𝟏 ) 𝟑
𝒂𝟐𝟓 =𝟒+ ( 𝟐𝟒 ) 𝟑
𝒂𝟐𝟓
𝒂𝟐𝟓 =𝟒+(𝟕𝟐)
𝒂𝟐𝟓 =𝟕𝟔
Find the indicated term of each of
the following arithmetic
sequences.
𝒂 =𝒂 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒏 𝟏
𝒂𝟏𝟔 =𝟏+ (𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏 ) 𝟒
𝒂𝟏𝟔 =𝟏+ (𝟏𝟓 ) 𝟒
𝒂𝟏𝟔
𝒂𝟏𝟔 =𝟏+(𝟔𝟎)
𝒂𝟏𝟔 =𝟔𝟏
In the finite sequence,
how many terms are
there, given the last term
of the sequence?
2, 4, 6, 8, … ,134
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
𝒏= +𝟏
𝒅
2, 4, 6, 8, … ,134
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
𝒏= +𝟏
𝒅
𝟏𝟑𝟒 − 𝟐
𝒏= +𝟏
𝟐
𝒏=𝟔𝟔
𝒏=𝟔𝟕
+𝟏
1, 5, 9, 13, …, 421
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
𝒏= +𝟏
𝒅
𝟒𝟐𝟏 − 𝟏
𝒏= +𝟏
𝟒
𝒏=𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝒏=𝟏𝟎𝟔
+𝟏
3, 8, 13, …, 1023
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
𝒏= +𝟏
𝒅
𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 − 𝟑
𝒏= +𝟏
𝟓
𝒏=𝟐𝟎𝟒
𝒏=𝟐𝟎𝟓
+𝟏
In the finite sequence,
given the 56th term, what
is the value of the first
term?
𝒂𝟏 , … ,𝟕𝟕 ,𝟖𝟎 ,𝟖𝟑
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝟏=𝒂𝒏 − ( 𝒏 −𝟏 ) 𝒅
In the finite sequence, given the
56th term, what is the value of
𝒂 the
𝟏
first,𝟖𝟎
, …,𝟕𝟕 term?
,𝟖𝟑
𝒂𝟏=𝒂𝒏 − ( 𝒏 −𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝟏=𝟖𝟑 − ( 𝟓𝟔 −𝟏 ) 𝟑
𝒂𝟏=𝟖𝟑 − ( 𝟓𝟓 ) 𝟑
𝒂𝟏=𝟖𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔𝟓
𝒂𝟏=− 𝟖𝟐
In the finite sequence, given the
67th term, what is the value of
𝒂 , the
𝟏 …,𝟕𝟒𝟎first,𝟕𝟒𝟗
term?
,𝟕𝟓𝟖
𝒂𝟏=𝒂𝒏 − ( 𝒏 −𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝟏=𝟕𝟓𝟖 − ( 𝟔𝟕−𝟏 ) 𝟗
𝒂𝟏=𝟕𝟓𝟖 − ( 𝟔𝟔 ) 𝟗
𝒂𝟏=𝟕𝟓𝟖 −𝟓𝟗𝟒
𝒂𝟏=𝟏𝟔𝟒
In the finite sequence, given the
184th term, what is the value of
𝒂 , the
𝟏
first,𝟑𝟒𝟒
…,𝟑𝟒𝟎 term?
, 𝟑𝟒𝟖
𝒂𝟏=𝒂𝒏 − ( 𝒏 −𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝟏=𝟑𝟒𝟖 − ( 𝟏𝟖𝟒− 𝟏 ) 𝟒
𝒂𝟏=𝟑𝟒𝟖 − ( 𝟏𝟖𝟑 ) 𝟒
𝒂𝟏=𝟑𝟒𝟖 −𝟕𝟑𝟐
𝒂𝟏=− 𝟑𝟖𝟒
Complete the Arithmetic
Sequence
4
2, ____, 6 8
____,
Complete the Arithmetic
Sequence
3
1, ____, 5 7
____,
Complete the Arithmetic
Sequence
10 ____,
5, ____, 15 20
Complete the Arithmetic
Sequence
3, ____, ____, ____, 47
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
𝒅=
( 𝒏 − 𝟏)
3 , ____,
14 ____,
25 ____,
36 47
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
𝒅=
( 𝒏 − 𝟏)
𝟒𝟕 − 𝟑
𝒅=
(𝟓 −𝟏 )
𝟒𝟒
𝒅=
𝟒
𝒅=𝟏𝟏
3 , ____,
24 ____,
45 ____,
66 ____
87 108
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
𝒅=
( 𝒏 − 𝟏)
𝟏𝟎𝟖 − 𝟑
𝒅=
( 𝟔 − 𝟏)
𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝒅=
𝟓
𝒅=𝟐𝟏
77 109 141 173 205
237 269
𝒅=
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
𝟑𝟎𝟏 − 𝟒𝟓
( 𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅=
(𝟗 − 𝟏 )
𝟐𝟓𝟔
𝒅=
𝟖
𝒅=𝟑𝟐
nth term/ specific term 𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏+ ( 𝒏−𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
number of terms 𝒏= +𝟏
𝒅
first term 𝒂𝟏= 𝒂𝒏 − ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
common difference 𝒅=
( 𝒏 − 𝟏)
What is the
sum of
numbers from
ARITHMETI
1 to 10,000?
IF is GIVEN
𝒏
𝑺 𝒏=
𝟐
( 𝒂𝟏 +𝒂 𝒏 )
IF is NOT GIVEN
𝒏
𝑺 𝒏= [ 𝟐 𝒂 𝟏+ (𝒏 −𝟏 ) 𝒅]
𝟐
What is the sum of
numbers
𝒏 from 1 to 10,000?
𝑺 =
𝒏
𝟐
(
𝒂 +𝒂 𝟏 𝒏 )
𝟏𝟎 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑺 𝟏𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎= ( 𝟏+𝟏𝟎 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎 )
𝟐
𝑺𝟏𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎=𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟏𝟎 , 𝟎𝟎𝟏 )
𝑺𝟏𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎=𝟓𝟎 ,𝟎𝟎𝟓 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎
Find the sum of the first 50
numbers?
𝒏
𝑺 =
𝒏
𝟐
(
𝒂 +𝒂 𝟏 𝒏 )
𝟓𝟎
𝑺 𝟓𝟎= ( 𝟏+𝟓𝟎 )
𝟐
𝑺 𝟓𝟎=𝟐𝟓 ( 𝟓𝟏 )
𝑺 𝟓𝟎=𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟓
Find the sum of the first 12 terms of
the arithmetic sequence 50, 47, 44,
𝒏 41, 38,…
𝑺 = [ 𝟐 𝒂 + (𝒏 −𝟏 ) 𝒅]
𝒏 𝟏
𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝑺 𝟏𝟐=𝟔[ 𝟔𝟕]
𝑺 𝟏𝟐= [ 𝟐(𝟓𝟎)+ ( 𝟏𝟐 −𝟏 ) (− 𝟑) ]
𝟐 𝑺 𝟏𝟐=𝟒𝟎𝟐
𝑺 𝟏𝟐=𝟔[ 𝟏𝟎𝟎+ (𝟏𝟏 ) (−𝟑)]
𝑺 𝟏𝟐=𝟔[𝟏𝟎𝟎+(−𝟑𝟑)]
Find the sum of the first 21 terms of
the arithmetic sequence 3, 5, 7, 9,
𝒏 11,…
𝑺 = [ 𝟐 𝒂 + (𝒏 −𝟏 ) 𝒅]
𝒏 𝟏
𝟐
𝟐𝟏 𝑺 𝟐𝟏=𝟏𝟎 .𝟓 [𝟒𝟔]
𝑺 𝟐𝟏= [ 𝟐(𝟑)+ ( 𝟐𝟏 − 𝟏 ) (𝟐)]
𝟐 𝑺 𝟐𝟏=𝟒𝟖𝟑
𝑺 𝟐𝟏=𝟏𝟎 .𝟓 [𝟔 + ( 𝟐𝟎 ) (𝟐)]
𝑺 𝟐𝟏=𝟏𝟎 .𝟓 [𝟔 +( 𝟒𝟎)]
GEOME
SEQUE
TRIC
GEOMETRIC
SEQUENCE
- also known as “Geometric
Progression”
- a sequence in which
each term after the first
is obtained by
multiplying the
preceding term by a
ARITHMETIC
VS
GEOMETRIC
GEOMETRIC
SEQUENCE
- “common ratio” is obtained.
COMMON
RATIO
- number multiplied
to get the next term
COMMON
RATIO
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑟=
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑎𝑛
𝑟=
𝑎𝑛 −1
𝑎4 𝑎3 𝑎2
𝑟= 𝑟= 𝑟=
𝑎3 𝑎2 𝑎1
COMMON
RATIO
𝟏 , 𝟑 , 𝟗 , 𝟐𝟕 , …
𝑎𝑛
𝑟=
𝑎𝑛 −1
3 9 27
𝑟= ¿ ¿ r=
1 3 9
COMMON
RATIO
𝟐 , 𝟒 , 𝟖 , 𝟏𝟔 , …
𝑎𝑛
𝑟=
𝑎𝑛 −1
4 8 16
𝑟= ¿ ¿ r=
2 4 8
COMMON
RATIO
𝟑 , 𝟏𝟐 , 𝟒𝟖 , …
𝑎𝑛
𝑟=
𝑎𝑛 −1
12 48
𝑟= ¿ r=
3 12
COMMON
RATIO
𝟏𝟔,𝟖,𝟒,𝟐,… 𝒓 =𝟎 . 𝟓
𝟏,−𝟓,𝟐𝟓,−𝟏𝟐𝟓,… 𝒓 =−𝟓
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
, , … 𝒓=
𝟑 𝟑 𝟔 𝟐
General Term of
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
given term
first term
𝒏 −𝟏
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 ( 𝒓 )
nth term common
ratio
𝟏 , 𝟐 ,𝟒 ,𝟖 , …
What is the 10th term?
𝒏 −𝟏
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 ( 𝒓 )
𝟏𝟎−𝟏
𝒂𝟏𝟎 =𝟏(𝟐 )
𝟗
𝒂𝟏𝟎 =𝟏(𝟐 )
𝒂𝟏𝟎 =𝟏(𝟓𝟏𝟐 )
𝒂𝟏 𝟎=𝟓𝟏𝟐
𝟒 , 𝟖 , 𝟏𝟔 , …
What is the 6th term?
𝒏 −𝟏
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 ( 𝒓 )
𝟔 −𝟏
𝒂𝟔=𝟒 (𝟐 )
𝟓
𝒂𝟔=𝟒 (𝟐 )
𝒂𝟔=𝟒 (𝟑𝟐)
𝒂𝟔=𝟏𝟐𝟖
𝟒 , −𝟖 , 𝟏𝟔 , …
What is the 15th term?
𝒏 −𝟏
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 ( 𝒓 )
𝟏𝟓 −𝟏
𝒂𝟏𝟓 =𝟒 (−𝟐 )
𝟏𝟒
𝒂𝟏𝟓 =𝟒 (−𝟐 )
𝒂𝟏𝟓 =𝟒 (𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟖𝟒)
𝒂𝟏𝟓 =𝟔𝟓𝟓𝟑𝟔
Complete the Geometric
Sequence
4, ____, ____, ____, 64
GEOMETRIC MEANS
GEOMETRIC MEANS
- terms between any two
given terms in a geometric
sequence
REMEMBER:
Find FIRST the COMMON RATIO
𝒏 −𝟏
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 ( 𝒓 )
𝑟=
√
𝑛−1 𝑎𝑛
𝑎1
4 , ____, ____, ____ , 64
𝑟 =
√
𝑛 −1 𝑎𝑛
𝑎1
𝑟 =√ 16
4
𝑟=
√
5 −1 64𝒓 =± 𝟐
4
4𝟖
, ____,
𝟏𝟔 ____,
𝟑𝟐 ____ , 64
𝑟 =
√
𝑛 −1 𝑎𝑛
𝑎1
𝑟 =√ 16
4
𝑟=
√
5 −1 64𝒓 =𝟐
4
4 , ____,
- 𝟏𝟔 ____, ____
- , 64
𝑟 =
√
𝑛 −1 𝑎𝑛
𝑎1
𝑟 =√ 16
4
𝑟=
√
5 −1 64𝒓 =− 𝟐
4
2 , ____, ____, ____ , 162
𝑟 =
√
𝑛 −1 𝑎𝑛
𝑎1
𝑟 =√ 81
4
𝑟=
√
5 −1 162𝒓 =± 𝟑
2
2𝟔
, ____,
𝟏𝟖 ____,
𝟓𝟒 ____ , 162
𝑟 =
√
𝑛 −1 𝑎𝑛
𝑎1
𝑟 =√ 81
4
𝑟=
√
5 −1 162𝒓 =𝟑
2
2 , ____,
- 𝟏𝟖 ____, ____
- , 162
𝑟 =
√
𝑛 −1 𝑎𝑛
𝑎1
𝑟 =√ 81
4
𝑟=
√
5 −1 162𝒓 =− 𝟑
2
MEAN PROPORTIONAL
- only ONE geometric mean
between two numbers.
MEAN PROPORTIONAL
2
𝑥 =𝑎𝑏
x= √ 𝑎𝑏
Find the mean proportional
between 2 and 8.
2 𝑥
=
𝑥 8
𝑥 ² =16
𝑥 = √ 16
𝒙 =± 𝟒
Find the mean proportional
between 36 and 4.
36 𝑥
=
𝑥 4
𝑥 ² =144
𝑥=√ 144
𝒙 =± 𝟏𝟐
Find the mean proportional
between 9 and 25.
9 𝑥
=
𝑥 25
𝑥 ² =225
𝑥=√ 225
𝒙 =± 𝟏𝟓
GEOMETRI
C
-
-
SERIES
finite
infinit
e
If life is a game, how will
you play it?
FINITE GEOMETRIC SERIES
𝒂𝟏 𝟏 − 𝒓 )
( 𝒏
𝑺 𝒏=
𝟏 −𝒓
𝒓 ≠𝟏
Find the sum of the first 9
terms of the geometric
sequence
𝒂 𝟏 ( 𝟏 − 𝒓 𝒏1,
) 2, 4, 8,
𝑺 =
…
𝟏 ( −𝟓𝟏𝟏 )
𝑺 𝒏= 𝟗
𝟏 −𝒓 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟏− 𝟐 )
( 𝟗 − 𝟓𝟏𝟏
𝑺 𝟗= 𝑺 𝟗=
𝟏−𝟐 −𝟏
𝟏 ( 𝟏 −𝟓𝟏𝟐 ) 𝑺 𝟗=𝟓𝟏𝟏
𝑺 𝟗=
𝟏 −𝟐
Find the sum of the first 10
terms of the geometric
sequence
𝒂 𝟏 ( 𝟏 − 𝒓 𝒏 ) 2, 6, 18,𝟐 …
𝑺 =
( −𝟓𝟗𝟎𝟒𝟗 )
𝑺 𝒏= 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 −𝒓 −𝟐
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟑 )
( 𝟏𝟎 −𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟗𝟖
𝑺 𝟏𝟎= 𝑺 𝟏𝟎=
𝟏− 𝟑 −𝟐
𝟐 ( 𝟏 −𝟓𝟗𝟎𝟒𝟗 ) 𝑺 𝟏𝟎=𝟓𝟗𝟎𝟒𝟗
𝑺 𝟏𝟎=
𝟏 −𝟑
INFINITE GEOMETRIC SERIES
𝒂𝟏
𝑺=
𝟏− 𝒓
− 𝟏< 𝒓 <𝟏
Find the sum of this
geometric sequence
𝒂𝟏 1
𝑺= 2
𝟏− 𝒓 𝑺=
1
1 2
2
𝑺=
𝟏−
1 𝑺❑ =𝟏
2
Find the sum of this
geometric sequence
𝒂𝟏 25
𝑺= 𝑺=
𝟏− 𝒓 4
𝑺=
25 5 𝑺❑=𝟑𝟏 . 𝟐𝟓
1 125
𝟏− 𝑺=
5 4
Find the sum of this
geometric sequence
𝒂𝟏 36
𝑺= 𝑺=
𝟏− 𝒓 5
𝑺=
36 6 𝑺❑ =𝟒𝟑 . 𝟐
1 21𝟔
𝟏− 𝑺=
6 5
𝒏 −𝟏
nth term/ specific term 𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 ( 𝒓 )
common ratio
mean proportional
𝒓=
𝒂𝒏
𝒂𝟏√
𝒏 −𝟏
𝒙 = √ 𝒂𝒃
𝒂 𝟏 ( 𝟏 −𝒓 )
𝒏
finite geometric series
𝑺 𝒏=
𝟏 −𝒓
𝒂𝟏
infinite geometric series
𝑺=
𝟏− 𝒓
PROBLEM
involv
ing SEQUE
SOLVING
Carefully read the problem.
Choose a
v
strategy
to solve the problem.
Carry out the
v problem
solving strategy.
Check yourv solutions.
ARITH
SEQUE
METIC
nth term/ specific term 𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏+ ( 𝒏−𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
number of terms 𝒏= +𝟏
𝒅
first term 𝒂𝟏= 𝒂𝒏 − ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅
𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝟏
common difference 𝒅=
( 𝒏 − 𝟏)
IF is GIVEN
𝒏
𝑺 𝒏=
𝟐
( 𝒂𝟏 +𝒂 𝒏 )
IF is NOT GIVEN
𝒏
𝑺 𝒏= [ 𝟐 𝒂 𝟏+ (𝒏 −𝟏 ) 𝒅]
𝟐
GEOME
SEQUE
TRIC
𝒏 −𝟏
nth term/ specific term 𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 ( 𝒓 )
common ratio
mean proportional
𝒓=
𝒂𝒏
𝒂𝟏√
𝒏 −𝟏
𝒙 = √ 𝒂𝒃
𝒂 𝟏 ( 𝟏 −𝒓 )
𝒏
finite geometric series
𝑺 𝒏=
𝟏 −𝒓
𝒂𝟏
infinite geometric series
𝑺=
𝟏− 𝒓
An auditorium has 10 seats in
the first row and 2 additional
seats in each successive row.
If there are 25 rows, how
many seats are in the last
row?
Solution:
10, 12, 14, …
25th?
𝑎 𝑛 =𝑎 1+ ( 𝑛− 1 ) 𝑑
𝑎 25 =10 + ( 25 − 1 ) 2
25 =10 + ( 24 ) 2
25 =10 + 48
𝑎 25 =58
In a farm, logs are piled in a
triangular arrangement. The top
layer has 3 logs, the second layer
contains 4 logs, and the third layer
contains 5 logs. If there is a total of
10 layers, how many logs are piled
together?
Solution:
3, 4, 5, …
Total of 10 layers?
𝑛
𝑆 𝑛= [ 2 𝑎 1+ (𝑛 − 1 ) 𝑑 ] 𝑆 10 =75
2
10
𝑆 10 = [ 2 (3 )+ ( 10 − 1 ) 1 ]
2
10=5 [ 6 + ( 9 ) ]
10 =5 [ 15 ]
A company offers Gigi a starting
annual salary of PhP 300, 000
with raises of PhP 24,000 per
year. What will be her salary on
the 10th year?
Solution:
300 000, 324 000, …
10th?
𝑎 𝑛 =𝑎 1+ ( 𝑛− 1 ) 𝑑
𝑎 10 =300 000 + ( 10 − 1 ) 24 000
𝑎 10 =300 000 + ( 9 ) 24 000
𝑎 10 =300 000 +216 000
𝑎 10 =516 000
Vince earned ₱240 in the first
day, ₱350 in the second day, and
₱460 in the third day, and so on.
How much did he earn in 2
weeks?
Solution:
240, 350, 460, …
Total of 2 weeks?
𝑛
𝑆 𝑛= [ 2 𝑎 1+ (𝑛 − 1 ) 𝑑 ] 𝑆 14 =13 370
2
14
14 =
2
𝑃
[ 2 ( 240 )+ ( 1 4 − 1 ) 110 ] 𝑃 13 370
h
=7 [ 480 + ( 13 ) 110 ]
=7 [ 1910 ]
Suppose you drop a tennis ball
from a height of 25 feet. After the
ball hits the floor, it rebounds to
75% of its previous height. How
high will the ball rebound after its
sixth bounce?
Solution:
25, 18.75, 14.0625, …
After 6th bounce?
𝑛 −1
𝑎 𝑛 =𝑎 1 (𝑟 )
7 −1
𝑎 7= 25 (. 75 )
6 𝑎 7=4 . 45 𝑓𝑡
𝑎 7= 25 (. 75 )
6
𝑎 7= 25 (. 75 )
Heavy rain in the city caused the
river to rise. The river rose two
inches the first day, and each
day twice as much as the
previous day. How much did the
river rise in a week?
Solution:
2, 4, 8, …
Total in a week?
𝑎1 ( 1 − 𝑟 𝑛 ) 2 ( − 127 )
𝑆 𝑛= 𝑆 7=
1− 𝑟 −1
277)= − 254
2 ( 1 −𝑆
𝑆 7= − 1
1− 2
2 ( 1 − 128𝑆
)
𝑆 7= 7 = 254
−1
Dr. Smith found out that a person
can infect two others before being
diagnosed of transmitting the virus. If
in a community, there are 4 infected
individuals, how many are infected in
all after 4 transmission?
Solution:
4, 8, …
Total after 4 transmissions?
𝑎1 ( 1 − 𝑟 𝑛 ) 4 ( − 31 )
𝑆 𝑛= 𝑆 5=
1− 𝑟 −1
4 ( 1 −𝑆 255 ) = − 124
𝑆 5= − 1
1 −2
4 ( 1 − 32𝑆
)
𝑆 5= 5 =124
−1
0,1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, …
ADD the LAST TWO CONSECUTIVE numbers
FIBON
SEQUE
ACCI
HARM
SEQUE
ONIC
HARMONIC SEQUENCE
- RECIPROCALS of the terms form
an arithmetic sequence
,,,,,
2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 ,14
Given the sequence -20, -26, -32, -38, …, find
the first 8 terms of the corresponding
harmonic sequence.
-20, -26, -32, -38, -44, -50, -56, -62
,,,,
Given the arithmetic sequence ½, 1, 3/2, 2, …,
find the 10th term of the corresponding
harmonic sequence
𝑎 𝑛 =𝑎 1+ ( 𝑛− 1 ) 𝑑
𝑎 10 =1/ 2+ ( 10− 1 ) 1 / 2
𝑎 10 =1 / 2 + ( 9 ) 1 / 2
𝑎 10 =1 / 2 + 9 / 2 10th term of the HS is 1/5
10 =10 / 2
𝑎 10 =5
