Scribd
Upload
2 views

Xhtml

XHTML, or Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML designed to replace it, functioning as a bridge between HTML and XML. XHTML requires well-formed documents with properly nested elements, lowercase tag and attribute names, and all elements must be closed. Additionally, every XHTML document must begin with a DOCTYPE declaration referencing one of the available Document Type Definitions (DTDs).

Uploaded by

22f3000894
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Xhtml

XHTML, or Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML designed to replace it, functioning as a bridge between HTML and XML. XHTML requires well-formed documents with properly nested elements, lowercase tag and attribute names, and all elements must be closed. Additionally, every XHTML document must begin with a DOCTYPE declaration referencing one of the available Document Type Definitions (DTDs).

Uploaded by

22f3000894
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

XHTML

CSE(M)
Dr. Koyel Datta Gupta
What is XHTML?
XHTML stands for Extensible Hypertext
Markup Language
XHTML is aimed to replace HTML
XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01
XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of
HTML
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a
markup language designed for describing
data
XHTML is HTML redefined as an XML
application
XHTML is a “bridge” between HTML and XML
The problem with HTML
HTML started out as a way of describing the
structure of documents, with tags to indicate
headers, paragraphs, and the like
Because people wanted to control the
appearance of documents, HTML acquired tags
to control fonts, alignment, etc.
The result is a markup language that does both,
but isn’t very good at either
From HTML to XHTML
XHTML elements must be properly nested
<b><i>bold and italic</b></i> is wrong
XHTML documents must be well-formed
<html>
<head> ... </head>
<body> ... </body>
</html>
Tag names must be in lowercase
All XHTML elements must be closed
If an HTML tag is not a container, close it like
this:
<br />, <hr />, <image src="smile.gif" />
Note: Some browsers require a space before the /
From HTML to XHTML
Attribute names must also be in lower case
 Example: <table width="100%">
Attribute values must be quoted
 Example: <table width="100%">
Attribute minimization is forbidden
 Example: <frame noresize="noresize">,
cannot be abbreviated to <frame noresize>
The id attribute replaces the name attribute
 Wrong: <img src="picture.gif" name="picture1" />
 Right: <img src="picture.gif" id="picture1" />
 Best: <img src="picture.gif" name="picture1"
id="picture1" />
SGML and DTDs
SGML stands for “Standard Generalized Markup
Language”
HTML, XHTML, XML and many other markup
languages are defined in SGML
A DTD, or “Document Type Definition” describes
the syntax to use for the current document
There are three different DTDs for XHTML--you can
pick the one you want
 These DTDs are public and on the web
 You must start your XHTML document with a reference to
one of these DTDs
DOCTYPE declaration
Every XHTML document must begin
with one of the DOCTYPE declarations
(DTDs):
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"


"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"


"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">
DOCTYPE declaration
The three main DTDs are as
follows:
Strict
 Use for really clean markup, with no
display information (no font, color, or size
information)
 Use with CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) if

you want to define how the document


should look
Transitional
 Use with standard HTML and/or with CSS
 Allows deprecated HTML elements
An XHTML Example
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>A simple document</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>A simple paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Testing an XHTML Document
• To test under another DTD, you’ll need to
change the DOCTYPE declaration.

Changing the DOCTYPE declaration to XHTML 1.0 strict


Using Style Sheets and XHTML
• Parsed character data (PCDATA) is text
parsed by a browser or parser.
• Unparsed character data (CDATA) is text not
processed by the browser or parser.

You might also like