• FERTILIZERS :-
FERTILIZERS :- A chemical or natural substance
added to soil or land to increase its fertility is called
fertilizers.
Nitrogen phosphoru potassiu
s m
USES OF
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS IS UESD FOR
HEALTHY AND BEST GROW OF
PLANTS.
FERTLIZERS CONTAIN SOME
CHEMICAL THESE ARE:-
NITROGEN:- IMPROVE GROWTH
OF PLANTS.
PHOSPHORUS:- Speeds up
crop maturity and improves
quality
POTASSIUM:- Helps fight crop
disease and improves quality
FERTILIZERS:-
THERE ARE TWO MAIN CATEGORIES OF FERTILIZERS.
Organic Fertilizers
•Compost
Decayed organic material used as a fertilizer for growing plants.
Composting organisms require four equally important
ingredients to work effectively:
Carbon — for energy; the microbial oxidation of carbon produces the
heat, if included at suggested levels.
High carbon materials tend to be brown and dry.
Nitrogen — to grow and reproduce more organisms to oxidize the
carbon.
Oxygen — for oxidizing the carbon, the decomposition process.
Water — in the right amounts to maintain activity without causing
anaerobic conditions.
Organic Manur
•Fertilizers
animal dung used for fertilizing land. e
• There are three main classes of manures used in soil management:
• Animal manure: is often a mixture of animal's feces and bedding
straw.
• Human manure: Some people refer to human excreta as human
manure, and the word "humanure" has also been used.
• Green manures: are crops grown for the express purpose of
plowing them.
Organic Manur
Fertilizers
• Uses of manure
e
Animal manure, such as chicken manure and cow dung, has
been used for centuries as a fertilizer for farming.
• Precautions
Manure generates heat as it decomposes, and it is possible for
manure to ignite spontaneously if stored in a very large pile.
There is also a risk of insects carrying feces to food and water
supplies, making them unsuitable for human consumption.
Organic Fertilizers
Guano
the excrement (waste matter discharged from the bowels) of
seabirds and bats, used as fertilizer.
an artificial fertilizer resembling natural guano, especially
one made from fish.
History
The word "guano" originates from the Andean indigenous
language Quechua, which refers to any form of dung used as
an agricultural fertilizer.
Archaeological evidence suggests that Andean people have
collected guano from small islands and points located off the
desert coast of Peru for use as a soil amendment for well over
1,500 years.
Organic Guan
Fertilizers
Properties
o
• In agriculture and gardening guano has a number of uses,
including as: soil builder, lawn treatments, fungicide,
nematicide and as composting activator.
Sourcing
The ideal type of guano is found in exceptionally dry climates,
as rainwater volatilizes and leaches nitrogen-containing
ammonia from guano.
Importance of organic
•
fertilizers
Nutrients are released slower • Local organic fertilizers
are and consistently. less costly than their
artificial counterparts.
• Soil nutrients that are already
on the grounds are mobilized. • No need to continually
reapply fertilizers.
• Soil structure is vastly improved.
• Local organic fertilizers are
• Soil moisture is optimal.
less costly than their
• Topsoil erosion is better artificial counterparts.
prevented
.
Inorganic Fertilizers
Nitrogen
• Nitrogen fertilizers are made from ammonia (NH3),
which is sometimes injected into the ground
directly.
• The ammonia is produced by the Haber-Bosch
process.
• This ammonia is used as a feedstock for all other
nitrogen fertilizers, such as anhydrous ammonium
nitrate (NH4NO3) and urea (CO(NH2)2).
Inorganic Fertilizers
•Phosphate
All phosphate fertilizers are obtained by extraction from
minerals containing the anion PO43-.
• The most popular phosphate-containing minerals are
referred to collectively as phosphate rock.
• In the nitrophosphate process or Odda process (invented in
1927), phosphate rock with up to a 20% phosphorus (P)
content is dissolved with nitric acid(HNO3) to produce a
mixture of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and calcium nitrate
(Ca(NO3)2).
Inorganic Fertilizers
Potassium
• Potash is a mixture of potassium minerals
used to make potassium fertilizers.
• Potash is soluble in water, so the main
effort in producing this nutrient from the ore
involves.
• In fact potash fertilizers are usually potassium
chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium
carbonate.
Importance of inorganic
• Fast Actingfertilizers
One advantage inorganic fertilizers offer is that they are fast acting.
• Precise Content
Another advantage that inorganic fertilizers offer is the precise content of
nutrients is guaranteed by law.
• Ease of Use
Inorganic fertilizers also offer the advantage of coming in several easy-to-
use formulations.
• Cost
Because inorganic fertilizers are mass produced, they are less costly than
organic fertilizers.
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF
•
FERTILIZERS
The biggest issue facing the
use of chemical fertilizers is
groundwater contamination
and it is cause of some
dangerous diseases like
stomach cancer.
What we can
do about
Knowing andit?
understanding the effects of
chemical fertilizers. Knowing how to protect
our health is what counts.
If you're on well-water have your water
tested regularly by a reputable lab.
Support organic and sustainable
agriculture.
Take part in safeguarding
organic
practices and standards.
• PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES- A substance used for destroying insects or other
organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.
TYPES OF
PESTICIDES
Insecticides- Insecticides are Herbicides- herbicides are
used used to control insects. to control unwanted plants.
Matricides and Acaricides- Rodenticides- rodenticides are
Matricides or Acaricides are used to protect from rats,
used to control mites and mice and other rodents.
ticks.
Fungicides- fungicides are
used to control fungi which
cause plant diseases.
USES OF
PESTICIDES
Pesticides
normally used for
protecting plants
from weeds.
DDT, sprayed on
the walls of
houses, is an
organ chlorine
that has been
used to fight
malaria since the
1950s.
Health effects
of
pesticides
Health effects of pesticides may
be acute or delayed in those who
are exposed.
According to The Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants, 9 of the 12 most
dangerous and persistent
chemicals are pesticides.
Pesticides can cause some
serious diseases like cancer,
reproduction effects etc.
Environment
effect of
Pesticidespesticides
can contribute to air
pollution.
pesticides were found to pollute every
stream and over 90% of wells.
Many of the chemicals used in
pesticides are persistent soil
contaminants.
Nitrogen fixation, which is required for
the growth of higher plants, is
hindered by pesticides in soil.
Many kinds of animals are harmed by
pesticides, leading many countries to
regulate pesticide usage through
Biodiversity Action Plans.
Prevention from harmful pesticides
There are six main way to prevent us from pesticides these are:-
1) Buy organic and locally grown fruit and vegetables.
2) Wash fruits and vegetables before eating.
3) Know which fruits and vegetables have higher levels
of pesticide residue.
4) Grow your own
produce.
5) Use non-toxic methods for controlling insects in the home and
garden.
6) Have a ‘no shoes’ policy in your
home.
B
