Bipolar Junction Transistors

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are semiconductor devices that control electrical current flow, consisting of three layers and two junctions. They come in two types, NPN and PNP, and are widely used for amplification and switching in electronic devices. While they offer advantages like high current gain and low cost, they also have disadvantages such as low input impedance and temperature sensitivity.

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Bipolar Junction Transistors

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HARSHWARDHAN JADHAV

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BIPOLAR JUNCTION

TRANSISTORS
Presented by

561 Harshada Bhor

562 Aryan Avhad
563 Safal Jaiswal
564 Pankaj Mande
565 Harshwardhan Jadhav
WHAT IS BIPOLAR JUNCTION
TRANSISTORS ?

A BJT is a type of semiconductor device that controls the flow of electrical

current.
 It consists of three layers of a semiconductor material with two
junctions.
 Transistors can be used to transfer input signals through the circuits
having lower to higher resistance
BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR SYMBOL

 NPN Transistor Symbol: Emitter Base Collector

 PNP Transistor Symbol: Emitter Base Collector
 Symbol Explanation:-
1. Emitter (E): Arrow points away from base.
2. Base (B): Middle terminal
3. Collector (C): Largest terminal.
PNP BJT

 In PNP BJT, the n-type semiconductor is sandwiched between the two p-

type semiconductors.
 The two p-type semiconductors act as emitter and collector
respectively while the n-type semiconductor acts as a base.
NPN BJT

 In NPN BJT, p-type semiconductor is sandwiched between the two n-

type semiconductors.
 The two n-type semiconductors act as emitter and collector
respectively while the p-type semiconductor acts as a base.
ADVANTAGES OF BJT

 Advantages:
1. High Current Gain (β): Amplifies current.
2. Low Noise: Suitable for audio applications.
3. Simple Biasing: Easy to bias and stabilize.
4. High Power Handling: Can handle high power levels.
5. Low Cost: Compared to other transistor types.
DISADVANTAGES OF BJT

 Disadvantages:
1. Low Input Impedance: Difficult to match with high-impedance sources.
2. Temperature Sensitivity: Performance varies with temperature.
3. Limited Frequency Response: Not suitable for very high-frequency
applications.
4. Voltage Drop: Base-emitter voltage drop (VBE) can reduce efficiency.
BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS
CONSTRUCTION

 Bipolar transistors are manufactured in two types, PNP and NPN, and
are available as separate components, usually in large quantities.
 The prime use or function of this type of transistor is to amplify current.
This makes them useful as switches or amplifiers.
 They have a wide application in electronic devices like mobile phones,
televisions, radio transmitters, and industrial control.
OPERATIONS OF BJT

 Active Mode:
1. Emitter-Base Junction (EBJ) is forward-biased.
2. Collector-Base Junction (CBJ) is reverse-biased.
3. Base current (IB) controls collector current (IC).
 Cut-off Mode:
1 .EBJ is reverse-biased.
2. CBJ is reverse-biased.
3. No current flows through the transistor .
 Saturation Mode:
 1. EBJ is forward-biased.
 2. CBJ is forward-biased.
3. Maximum current flows through the transistor.
CONCLUSION