Goo
Mornin
d
g!!
Hello, Grade 8
students
I am your Mathematics Teacher
Sir. Ian Cigi
Q. Garcia
Here are my contact details.
You can send me an email thru
[email protected]or send me a message thru Messenger
Ian Cigi Q. Garcia
Welcom
to
e
Mathemati
cs Cl
Axiomatic Structure of
Mathematical System
Math+8 – Lesson 3
Let’s Review!
What is Geometry?
Geometry
• Geometry is the study
of different types of
shapes, figures and
sizes in Mathematics or
in real life.
• Geo means earth and
Metry means
What can you notice?
Axiomatic Structure of
Mathematical System
Math+8 – Lesson 3
Objectives
• Define each part of Mathematical System.
• Apply Undefined and Defined terms in a real-
world context.
• Relate all four parts of mathematical
system with one another.
Axiom
a statement or
proposition which is
regarded as being
established, accepted, or
Axiomatic Structure of Mathematics
proper fundamental ideas of
Mathematics that is regarded
as being established and
accepted in our daily life.
Mathematical System
Undefined Defined Axioms/
Theorems
Terms Terms Postulates
Undefined Terms
Are terms that we cannot precisely define but were
accepted by its definition.
Mathematical System
Undefined Defined Axioms/
Theorems
Terms Terms Postulates
Defined Terms
These terms have formal definition and were used
more to define mathematical concepts.
Mathematical System
Undefined Defined Axioms/
Theorems
Terms Terms Postulates
Axioms/Postulates
A statement which is accepted as true without proof.
These can be used as reasons in proving mathematical
statements.
Mathematical System
Undefined Defined Axioms/
Theorems
Terms Terms Postulates
Theorems
A statement that can be proven. Once it is proven, it
can be used as a reason in proving other statements.
Mathematical System
Axioms/
Defined
Undefined Postulates
Terms
Terms
• Axioms Theorems
• Collinear
• Point • Postulates
• Coplanar
• Line
• Subsets of
• Plane
A Line
Mathematical System
Undefined Defined Axioms/ Theorems
Terms Terms Postulates The shortest segment
Two points from a point not on a
Line determine a line to the line is the
Line perpendicular
Segment line. segment.
Undefined Terms
• Point- a position in a space.
C
• Has no length, width,
A
thickness, or
dimensions.
B
• Is named with Capital D
letter and is
Undefined Terms
• Line- is a set of infinite
points extending in two A ´𝐶𝐷
directions. C D
• Has no thickness. B
• Labeled with two ´𝐴𝐵
Capital Letters.
Undefined Terms
• Plane- is a flat surface or
figure. It has length and
width
• Has no thickness.
Undefined Terms
A B
• plane X.
• plane ABC
• plane BCD
• plane ABCD
D C
It is named by a single capital letter or by any three points that are not on
the same line.
Defined Terms
• Collinear Points- are points that
belong in the same line.
• Non-Collinear Points- areB points that
do not belong in the same line.
E
D
A C
A and C Collinear B,E, and D are Non-Collinear
Defined Terms
• Coplanar Points- are points
that belong in the same plane.
• Non-Coplanar Points- are
points that do not belong in the
same plane.
Defined Terms
L
O
N
K
J, K and L are Coplanar M, N and O are non-
Points Coplanar Points
Defined Terms
• Subsets of a Line:
• 1. Line Segment- a part
of a line that has two end
points and all points in
between.
O P
• Ex:
Defined Terms
• Subsets of a Line:
• 2. Ray- a part of a line
that has one endpoint and
extends in one direction.
• Ex:
Q R
Defined Terms
• Subsets of a
Line:
• 3. Opposite Rays-
are rays with a
common endpoint
S T U
but extending in
opposite direction.
• Ex:
Let’s Try!
In preparation for the Clash of the Brave
Basketball finals, Team FAITH is preparing for
their strategy to win the game. Several passing
routes were considered to ensure that their every
move is calculated in case their situation will not
be favorable for them.
Let’s Try!
I G D
J F
C
H E
B
Questions:
1. Is it ideal for B to pass the ball to A? Why?
2. Whose player is favorable to pass the ball to both Player J
and C?
Questions:
3. Which player’s pass would be effective? Player D or
Player B?
4. Can Player D pass the ball to Player E easily? Why?
Questions:
5. Player H needs to score 3 points, to whom should he need to
receive the ball?
6. When is it a bad idea for Player G to pass the ball to Player H?
Practice Exercises: True or False?
1. Collinear points are points that do not belong in the same
line.
2. Undefined terms are terms that are accepted as part of
reasoning after proving.
3. Rays are composed of finite number of points.
4. Planes are composed of finite number of points.
5. Postulates cannot be used as a part of reasoning since it is
not yet proven.
“Things will never be the same
again once you were able to
define such undefined things in
our naked eye but is often
visible to our heart and mind.”
-ICQG
