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Intermolecular Forces

The document discusses intermolecular forces, highlighting that ionic molecules have the strongest attraction due to their full charges, resulting in higher melting points compared to covalent molecules. It categorizes covalent intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest: dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen forces, with hydrogen forces being the strongest. The document emphasizes the significance of hydrogen forces in biological molecules like DNA and proteins.

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Claudette Magararu
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27 views7 pages

Intermolecular Forces

The document discusses intermolecular forces, highlighting that ionic molecules have the strongest attraction due to their full charges, resulting in higher melting points compared to covalent molecules. It categorizes covalent intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest: dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen forces, with hydrogen forces being the strongest. The document emphasizes the significance of hydrogen forces in biological molecules like DNA and proteins.

Uploaded by

Claudette Magararu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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We have been working on

intramolecular force (forces in bonds).

Intermolecular forces- forces which


hold full molecules together.

-ionic molecules have the


strongest attraction due to their full
positive and negative charges.
-this high electromagnetic
attraction (+ and -) results in ionic
molecules staying more tightly
together than covalent molecules.
= higher melting point for ionics!
Covalent intermolecular forces:
(we will go weakest to strongest)
1) Dispersion force-
-Often called London Force after Fritz London.
-weakest of three covalent forces.
-only force that keeps non-
polar molecules together since
they have no true + or -
attraction. But dispersion forces
occur in all molecule types.
-the larger the molecule, the
more dispersion force it will have
(more electrons).
2) Dipole-Dipole Force-

-stronger than dispersion forces.


-occurs in weaker polar molecules
because of their partial positive and
negative charges. (δ+ and δ-)
Draw HCl and show charges.

H —Cl
δ+ δ- Hδ +—Clδ -
Hδ +—Clδ -
animation
-dipole-dipole is for all polar molecules except
H-F, H-O or H-N. (they have a stronger force)
3) Hydrogen Forces- strongest IM covalent bond

-”Hydrogen forces are a lot of FON”


(hydrogen with F,O and N only)
-the ΔEN is so great between H
and FON that the whole molecule
has a very strong δ+ and δ- end.

H = 2.1 F = 4.0

ΔEN = 1.9 (is


almost ionic!!!)
-these stronger δ+ and
δ- ends create a greater
force than dipole-dipole
which has weaker
partial charges.
Ex. Water

-hydrogen forces are


essential for making the
molecules of life… DNA
and proteins.
Weakest
Strongest

Dispersion Dipole- Hydrogen Ionic bonds


(London) Dipole forces (electromagnetic)

Melting point

Lowest
highest

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